tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49822077961323114592024-03-13T11:55:13.698-07:00Reliant ServicesReliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-84864863671442195782014-09-16T10:51:00.000-07:002014-09-16T11:01:49.100-07:00Home Repair Rip-Offs<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: OfficinaSerif-Bold, OfficinaSerifBold, Georgia, serif; font-size: 36px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 20px 0px 10px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px;">Homeowners have more to worry about than being ripped off by shady contractors in this lagging economy, but such a climate brings desperation -- and with it, sadly, fraud. Of course, the majority of tradesmen are generally honest professionals, but there is a large number of unscrupulous contractors who will fix items that don’t need fixing, or grossly overcharge you for services or parts. Worse, there are plenty of con artists posing as tradesmen who will simply take your money and run. Inspectors are often the first ones to uncover such fraud, so they too need to be familiar with its common forms in order to best serve their clients.</span></h1>
<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: OfficinaSerif-Bold, OfficinaSerifBold, Georgia, serif; font-size: 36px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin: 20px 0px 10px;">
<span style="background-color: black; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px;"><span style="color: white;">Some common home repair scams include:</span></span></h1>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li><span style="background-color: black; line-height: 22.8571434020996px;"><span style="color: white;">roof work. Con artists are known to travel from state to state following natural disasters and looking for victims of storms. Beware of people who suddenly arrive in your neighborhood, offering to fix your roof at a discount. Also, don’t trust a roofer who makes an assessment of a leaky roof from the ground without examining it. Very often, the flashing is all that needs to be replaced, even when the tradesman tries to convince you that you need a whole new roof.</span></span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">driveway sealers. This time-honored grift has a tradesmen pulling up to your home in his truck and offering to re-seal your driveway using leftover "sealant" from a job "just down the block." The low price is unbelievable, and so is the job. Generally, the sealant is paint or some other cheap, black spray media that will quickly wash away with the next rain.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">termites. Myths that exaggerate the dangers of termites abound, and homeowners can be easily duped into unnecessary treatment. Ask for prices from more than one company and compare their services. Make sure to get a guarantee that covers you in case termites return within a given period of time. Read the guarantee and the rest of the contract carefully before you sign! Be on guard for the following ruses:</span></li>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">The exterminator shows you termites on a fence or woodpile that is not connected to your house. If he were competent and honest, he would know that these termites pose no threat to your home.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">He (but not you) witnesses “evidence.” Make the exterminator show you the alleged evidence of the infestation. Termite-damaged wood is hollowed out along the grain, with bits of soil or mud lining the galleries.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">He offers a free termite inspection, and his motives are questionable to begin with. He may bring the evidence to your house with him.</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">chimney sweeps. Beware of any chimney sweep who arrives at your door unannounced, offering to perform his services for a low price. He might say that he's just worked on your neighbor’s chimney, and offer you a suspiciously low price for a sweep. The inspection will uncover "problems" that quickly balloon the price.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">HVAC specialists. The most common HVAC rip-offs are replacing parts that work fine and substituting used parts for new ones. If you get suspicious, ask to see the alleged broken parts before they're replaced, and look at the packaging and documentation for the new parts before they're installed. If possible, have HVAC work performed in the off-season, as it may be significantly cheaper.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">plumbers. Parts cost plumbers only a tiny fraction of the total charge for their services, but some plumbers will still cut corners to boost their profit. They may use plastic or low-grade metal, for instance, or 1/2-inch pipe instead of 3/4-inch pipe. Ask what they are installing and how long the parts will last.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">painters. Some painters agree to use a specific brand of high-quality paint, then pour cheap paint into name-brand cans. Most of the cans the painter brings with him should be sealed when the job is started. If not, ask why. Other painters skimp on the prep work.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 700px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Homeowners should heed the following advice whenever they hire a contractor:</span></div>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Go to <a href="http://www.overseeit.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="">OverSeeIt.com</a> to find an InterNACHI inspector who will stop by and make sure your construction project is done right.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If you are calling a contractor for an estimate and you live in an affluent neighborhood, don’t mention your address or phone number until you get the estimate. You can even call a tradesman in a less wealthy town or neighborhood that’s nearby, as their price will likely be lower than the going rate in your area.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Try to negotiate a flat rate if the tradesman has no idea how much the job is going to cost. This is especially helpful in plumbing work, as almost all pipes are hidden behind walls and the job can easily become more complicated than originally planned.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Ask if the tradesman charges for travel time. If he does, it may be cheaper to choose someone who is closer. Also ask if he charges for time spent traveling to supply stores.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Know your contractor. Be sure he is licensed, and get a written agreement stating the cost and the work to be performed.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Beware of any contractor who shows up at your door unannounced or calls you on the phone. Con artists must move every so often to frustrate law enforcement, so they have no fixed address and rely on door-to-door or phone solicitation. For the same reason, their invoices may contain only a P.O. box rather than a street address.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Always be wary of a contractor who recommends a particular company or individual after “discovering” a problem, as he will probably receive a kickback for the referral, so you cannot trust his advice. </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Beware of a contractor who tries to unnecessarily increase the scope of a project. Also known as an upseller, these people will do the following:</span></li>
<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">not offer you a range of options, including cheaper alternatives or work that is different than what you had anticipated; or</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">use scare tactics to persuade you to take his recommendations.</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Beware of contractors who insist that they are charging you only for what they paid for the materials, if they are, in fact, making a profit on the materials. Material over-charging is unethical if the contractor lies about it.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Beware of material-swapping, in which the contractor will buy premium products and make you reimburse him, but then he returns the product for something cheaper and of lower quality, and pockets the difference. If you suspect material-swapping, you can uncover the farce at the end of the job by comparing the packaging with the products listed on the receipt.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Do not give a large down-payment. It may be appropriate to pay a small percentage of the total estimate up front, but if the contractor asks for most (or all) of the money up front, he may be a con artist. Even if he does return to perform the work, he may botch the job or leave it unfinished, leaving you with little power to contest. And, of course, never pay in cash.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 700px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">If you are elderly, be on heightened alert for scammers because you will be targeted more often than your children.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 700px;">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Gotham Narrow SSm A', 'Gotham Narrow SSm B', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.8571434020996px; max-width: 700px;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">In summary, homeowners and inspectors alike should be wise to the plethora of ways that home repair contractors, or those posing as such, rip off their clients</span><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></div>
Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-88144784629242738032014-02-09T16:17:00.002-08:002014-02-09T16:17:34.855-08:00Child-Proofing Your Home: 12 Safety Devices to Protect Your Children<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title">
<span></span> </h1>
<div>
About 2.5 million children are injured or killed by hazards in the home each year. The good news is that many of these incidents can be prevented by using simple child-safety devices on the market today. Any safety device you buy should be sturdy enough to prevent injury to your child, yet easy for you to use. It's important to follow installation instructions carefully. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In addition, if you have older children in the house, be sure they re-secure safety devices. Remember, too, that no device is completely childproof; determined youngsters have been known to disable them. You can childproof your home for a fraction of what it would cost to have a professional do it. And safety devices are easy to find. You can buy them at hardware stores, baby equipment shops, supermarkets, drug stores, home and linen stores, and through online and mail-order catalogues. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Reliant Home Services is prepared to advise clients who are concerned about the safety of their children. Here are some child-safety devices that can help prevent many injuries to young children. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1. Use safety latches and locks for cabinets and drawers in kitchens, bathrooms, and other areas to help prevent poisonings and other injuries. Safety latches and locks on cabinets and drawers can help prevent children from gaining access to medicines and household cleaners, as well as knives and other sharp objects. </div>
<div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Look for safety latches and locks that adults can easily install and use, but that are sturdy enough to withstand pulls and tugs from children. Safety latches are not a guarantee of protection, but they can make it more difficult for children to reach dangerous substances. Even products with child-resistant packaging should be locked away out of reach; this packaging is not childproof. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
But, according to Colleen Driscoll, executive director of the International Association for Child Safety (IAFCS), "Installing an ineffective latch on a cabinet is not an answer for helping parents with safety. It is important to understand parental habits and behavior. While a latch that loops around cabinet knob covers is not expensive and easy to install, most parents do not consistently re-latch it."</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Parents should be sure to purchase and install safety products that they will actually adapt to and use. </div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
2. Use safety gates to help prevent falls down stairs and to keep children away from dangerous areas. Look for safety gates that children cannot dislodge easily, but that adults can open and close without difficulty. For the top of stairs, gates that screw into the wall are more secure than "pressure gates." </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
New safety gates that meet safety standards display a certification seal from the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA). If you have an older safety gate, be sure it doesn't have "V" shapes that are large enough for a child's head and neck to fit into. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
3. Use door locks to help prevent children from entering rooms and other areas with possible dangers, including swimming pools. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
To prevent access to swimming pools, door locks on safety gates should be placed high, out of reach of young children. Locks should be used in addition to fences and alarms. Sliding glass doors with locks that must be re-secured after each use are often not an effective barrier to pool access. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Door knob covers, while inexpensive and recommended by some, are generally not effective for children who are tall enough to reach the doorknob; a child's ingenuity and persistence can usually trump the cover's effectiveness. </div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
4. Use anti-scald devices for faucets and shower heads, and set your water heater temperature to 120° F to help prevent burns from hot water. A plumber may need to install these. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
5. Use smoke detectors on every level of your home and near bedrooms to alert you to fires. Smoke detectors are essential safety devices for protection against fire deaths and injuries. Check smoke detectors once a month to make sure they're working. If detectors are battery-operated, change batteries at least once a year, or consider using 10-year batteries.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
6. Use window guards and safety netting to help prevent falls from windows, balconies, decks and landings. Window guards and safety netting for balconies and decks can help prevent serious falls. Check these safety devices frequently to make sure they are secure and properly installed and maintained. There should be no more than 4 inches between the bars of the window guard. If you have window guards, be sure at least one window in each room can be easily used for escape in a fire. Window screens are not effective for preventing children from falling out of windows. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
7. Use corner and edge bumpers to help prevent injuries from falls against sharp edges of furniture and fireplaces. Corner and edge bumpers can be used with furniture and fireplace hearths to help prevent injuries from falls, and to soften falls against sharp and rough edges. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Be sure to look for bumpers that stay securely on furniture and hearth edges. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
8. Use receptacle or outlet covers and plates to help prevent children from electrical shock and possible electrocution. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Be sure the outlet protectors cannot be easily removed by children and are large enough so that children cannot choke on them. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
9. Use a carbon monoxide (CO) detector outside bedrooms to help prevent CO poisoning. Consumers should install CO detectors near sleeping areas in their homes. Households that should use CO detectors include those with gas or oil heat or with attached garages. </div>
<div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
10. Cut window blind cords to help prevent children from strangling in blind-cord loops. Window blind cord safety tassels on mini blinds and tension devices on vertical blinds and drapery cords can help prevent deaths and injuries from strangulation in the loops of cords. Inner cord stops can help prevent strangulation in the inner cords of window blinds. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
However, the IAFCS's Ms. Driscoll states, "Cordless is best. Although not all families are able to replace all products, it is important that parents understand that any corded blind or window treatment can still be a hazard. Unfortunately, children are still becoming entrapped in dangerous blind cords despite advances in safety in recent years." </div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
For older mini blinds, cut the cord loop, remove the buckle, and put safety tassels on each cord. Be sure that older vertical blinds and drapery cords have tension or tie-down devices to hold the cords tight. When buying new mini blinds, vertical blinds and draperies, ask for safety features to prevent child strangulation. <br /></div>
<div>
11. Use door stops and door holders to help prevent injuries to fingers and hands. Door stops and door holders on doors and door hinges can help prevent small fingers and hands from being pinched or crushed in doors and door hinges. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Be sure any safety device for doors is easy to use and is not likely to break into small parts, which could be a choking hazard for young children. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
12. Use a cell or cordless phone to make it easier to continuously watch young children, especially when they're in bathtubs, swimming pools, or other potentially dangerous areas. Cordless phones help you watch your child continuously without leaving the vicinity to answer a phone call. Cordless phones are especially helpful when children are in or near water, whether it's the bathtub, the swimming pool, or the beach. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
In summary, there are a number of different safety devices that can be purchased to ensure the safety of children in the home. Homeowners can Reliant Home Services about these and other safety measures during their next inspection. Parents should be sure to do their own consumer research to find the most effective safety devices for their home that are age-appropriate for their children's protection, as well as affordable and compatible with their household habits and lifestyles. </div>
</div>
<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-34226493203984884892014-01-12T15:18:00.001-08:002014-01-12T15:18:18.822-08:00Protect Your Property From Water Damage<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title">
</h1>
<div>
Water may be essential to life, but, as a destructive force, water can diminish the value of your home or building. Homes as well as commercial buildings can suffer water damage that results in increased maintenance costs, a decrease in the value of the property, lowered productivity, and potential liability associated with a decline in indoor air quality. The best way to protect against this potential loss is to ensure that the building components which enclose the structure, known as the building envelope, are water-resistant. Also, you will want to ensure that manufacturing processes, if present, do not allow excess water to accumulate. Finally, make sure that the plumbing and ventilation systems, which can be quite complicated in buildings, operate efficiently and are well-maintained. This article provides some basic steps for identifying and eliminating potentially damaging excess moisture.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Identify and Repair All Leaks and Cracks <img align="right" alt="" height="224" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/water.gif" style="margin: 0px;" title="" width="302" /></strong></div>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
The following are common building-related sources of water intrusion:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><strong>windows and doors:</strong> Check for leaks around your windows, storefront systems and doors. </li>
<li><strong>roof:</strong> Improper drainage systems and roof sloping reduce roof life and become a primary source of moisture intrusion. Leaks are also common around vents for exhaust or plumbing, rooftop air-conditioning units, or other specialized equipment. </li>
<li><strong>foundation and exterior walls:</strong> Seal any cracks and holes in exterior walls, joints and foundations. These often develop as a naturally occurring byproduct of differential soil settlement. </li>
<li><strong>plumbing: </strong>Check for leaking plumbing fixtures, dripping pipes (including fire sprinkler systems), clogged drains (both interior and exterior), defective water drainage systems and damaged manufacturing equipment. </li>
<li><strong>ventilation, heating and air</strong><strong> conditioning (HVAC) systems:</strong> Numerous types, some very sophisticated, are a crucial component to maintaining a healthy, comfortable work environment. They are comprised of a number of components (including chilled water piping and condensation drains) that can directly contribute to excessive moisture in the work environment. In addition, in humid climates, one of the functions of the system is to reduce the ambient air moisture level (relative humidity) throughout the building. An improperly operating HVAC system will not perform this function.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Prevent Water Intrusion Through Good Inspection and Maintenance Programs</strong></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
A Reliant Home Services inspector can perform an inspection of the following elements of your building to ensure that they remain in good condition:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><strong>flashings and sealants:</strong> Flashing, which is typically a thin metal strip found around doors, windows and roofs, are designed to prevent water intrusion in spaces where two building materials come together. Sealants and caulking are specifically applied to prevent moisture intrusion at building joints. Both must be maintained and in good condition. </li>
<li><strong>vents:</strong> All vents should have appropriate hoods, exhaust to the exterior, and be in good working order. </li>
<li>Review the use of <strong>manufacturing</strong><strong> equipment</strong> that may include water for processing or cooling. Ensure wastewater drains adequately away, with no spillage. Check for condensation around hot or cold materials or heat-transfer equipment. </li>
<li><strong>HVAC</strong> systems are much more complicated in <strong>commercial </strong>buildings. Check for leakage in supply and return water lines, pumps, air handlers and other components. Drain lines should be clean and clear of obstructions. Ductwork should be insulated to prevent condensation on exterior surfaces. </li>
<li><strong>humidity:</strong> Except in specialized facilities, the relative humidity in your building should be between 30% and 50%. Condensation on windows, wet stains on walls and ceilings, and musty smells are signs that relative humidity may be high. If you are concerned about the humidity level in your building, consult with a mechanical engineer, contractor or air-conditioning repair company to determine if your HVAC system is properly sized and in good working order. A mechanical engineer should be consulted when renovations to interior spaces take place. </li>
<li><strong>moist areas:</strong> Regularly clean off, then dry all surfaces where moisture frequently collects. </li>
<li><strong>expansion joints:</strong> Expansion joints are materials between bricks, pipes and other building materials that absorb movement. If expansion joints are not in good condition, water intrusion can occur. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Protection From Water Damage</strong></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><strong>interior finish materials:</strong> Replace drywall, plaster, carpet and stained or water-damaged ceiling tiles. These are not only good evidence of a moisture intrusion problem, but can lead to deterioration of the work environment, if they remain over time. </li>
<li><strong>exterior walls:</strong> Exterior walls are generally comprised of a number of materials combined into a wall assembly. When properly designed and constructed, the assembly is the first line of defense between water and the interior of your building. It is essential that they be maintained properly (including regular refinishing and/or resealing with the correct materials). </li>
<li><strong>storage areas:</strong> Storage areas should be kept clean. Allow air to circulate to prevent potential moisture accumulation.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<strong>Act Quickly if Water Intrusion Occurs</strong></div>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
Label shut-off valves so that the water supply can be easily closed in the event of a plumbing leak. If water intrusion does occur, you can minimize the damage by addressing the problem quickly and thoroughly. Immediately remove standing water and all moist materials, and consult with a building professional. Should your building become damaged by a catastrophic event, such as fire, flood or storm, take appropriate action to prevent further water damage, once it is safe to do so. This may include boarding up damaged windows, covering a damaged roof with plastic sheeting, and/or removing wet materials and supplies. Fast action on your part will help minimize the time and expense for repairs, resulting in a faster recovery.</div>
<div>
</div>
<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-68038719090078757662014-01-05T19:49:00.001-08:002014-01-05T19:49:11.381-08:0010 Easy Ways to Save Energy in Your Home<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title">
<style></style>
</h1>
Most people don’t know how easy it is to make their homes run on less energy, and here at Reliant Home Services, we want to change that. Drastic reductions in heating, cooling and electricity costs can be accomplished through very simple changes, most of which homeowners can do themselves. Of course, for homeowners who want to take advantage of the most up-to-date knowledge and systems in home energy efficiency.<br />
<br />
Reliant Home Services energy auditors can perform in-depth testing to find the best energy solutions for your particular home. The report will explain where your time and money is best spent.<br />
<br />
Why make your home more energy efficient? Here are a few good reasons:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>Federal, state, utility and local jurisdictions' financial incentives, such as tax breaks, are very advantageous for homeowners in most parts of the U.S. </li>
<li>It saves money. It costs less to power a home that has been converted to be more energy-efficient. </li>
<li>It increases the comfort level indoors. </li>
<li>It reduces our impact on climate change. Many scientists now believe that excessive energy consumption contributes significantly to global warming. </li>
<li>It reduces pollution. Conventional power production introduces pollutants that find their way into the air, soil and water supplies.</li>
</ul>
<strong>1. Find better ways to heat and cool your house. </strong><br />
As much as half of the energy used in homes goes toward heating and cooling. The following are a few ways that energy bills can be reduced through adjustments to the heating and cooling systems:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>Install a ceiling fan. Ceiling fans can be used in place of air conditioners, which require a large amount of energy. </li>
<li>Periodically replace air filters in air conditioners and heaters. </li>
<li>Set thermostats to an appropriate temperature. Specifically, they should be turned down at night and when no one is home. In most homes, about 2% of the heating bill will be saved for each degree that the thermostat is lowered for at least eight hours each day. Turning down the thermostat from 75° F to 70° F, for example, saves about 10% on heating costs. </li>
<li>Install a programmable thermostat. A programmable thermostat saves money by allowing heating and cooling appliances to be automatically turned down during times that no one is home and at night. Programmable thermostats contain no mercury and, in some climate zones, can save up to $150 per year in energy costs. </li>
<li>Install a wood stove or a pellet stove. These are more efficient sources of heat than furnaces. </li>
<li>At night, curtains drawn over windows will better insulate the room. </li>
</ul>
<strong>2. Install a tankless water heater.</strong><br />
Demand-type water heaters (tankless or instantaneous) provide hot water only as it is needed. They don't produce the standby energy losses associated with traditional storage water heaters, which will save on energy costs. Tankless water heaters heat water directly without the use of a storage tank. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit. A gas burner or an electric element heats the water. As a result, demand water heaters deliver a constant supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water. <br />
<strong>3. Replace incandescent lights.</strong><br />
The average household dedicates 11% of its energy budget to lighting. Traditional incandescent lights convert approximately only 10% of the energy they consume into light, while the rest becomes heat. The use of new lighting technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), can reduce the energy use required by lighting by 50% to 75%. Advances in lighting controls offer further energy savings by reducing the amount of time that lights are on but not being used. Here are some facts about CFLs and LEDs:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>CFLs use 75% less energy and last about 10 times longer than traditional incandescent bulbs. </li>
<li>LEDs last even longer than CFLs and consume less energy. </li>
<li>LEDs have no moving parts and, unlike CFLs, they contain no mercury.</li>
</ul>
<strong>4. Seal and insulate your home.</strong><br />
Sealing and insulating your home is one of the most cost-effective ways to make a home more comfortable and energy-efficient, and you can do it yourself. A tightly sealed home can improve comfort and indoor air quality while reducing utility bills. An InterNACHI energy auditor can assess leakage in the building envelope and recommend fixes that will dramatically increase comfort and energy savings.<br />
The following are some common places where leakage may occur:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>electrical receptacles/outlets; </li>
<li>mail slots; </li>
<li>around pipes and wires; </li>
<li>wall- or window-mounted air conditioners; </li>
<li>attic hatches; </li>
<li>fireplace dampers; </li>
<li>inadequate weatherstripping around doors; </li>
<li>baseboards; </li>
<li>window frames; and </li>
<li>switch plates.</li>
</ul>
Because hot air rises, air leaks are most likely to occur in the attic. Homeowners can perform a variety of repairs and maintenance to their attics that save them money on cooling and heating, such as: <br />
<ul>
<li>Plug the large holes. Locations in the attic where leakage is most likely to be the greatest are where walls meet the attic floor, behind and under attic knee walls, and in dropped-ceiling areas. </li>
<li>Seal the small holes. You can easily do this by looking for areas where the insulation is darkened. Darkened insulation is a result of dusty interior air being filtered by insulation before leaking through small holes in the building envelope. In cold weather, you may see frosty areas in the insulation caused by warm, moist air condensing and then freezing as it hits the cold attic air. In warmer weather, you’ll find water staining in these same areas. Use expanding foam or caulk to seal the openings around plumbing vent pipes and electrical wires. Cover the areas with insulation after the caulk is dry. </li>
<li>Seal up the attic access panel with weatherstripping. You can cut a piece of fiberglass or rigid foamboard insulation in the same size as the attic hatch and glue it to the back of the attic access panel. If you have pull-down attic stairs or an attic door, these should be sealed in a similar manner. </li>
</ul>
<strong>5. Install efficient showerheads and toilets.</strong><br />
The following systems can be installed to conserve water usage in homes: <br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>low-flow showerheads. They are available in different flow rates, and some have a pause button which shuts off the water while the bather lathers up; </li>
<li>low-flow toilets. Toilets consume 30% to 40% of the total water used in homes, making them the biggest water users. Replacing an older 3.5-gallon toilet with a modern, low-flow 1.6-gallon toilet can reduce usage an average of 2 gallons-per-flush (GPF), saving 12,000 gallons of water per year. Low-flow toilets usually have "1.6 GPF" marked on the bowl behind the seat or inside the tank; </li>
<li>vacuum-assist toilets. This type of toilet has a vacuum chamber that uses a siphon action to suck air from the trap beneath the bowl, allowing it to quickly fill with water to clear waste. Vacuum-assist toilets are relatively quiet; and</li>
<li>dual-flush toilets. Dual-flush toilets have been used in Europe and Australia for years and are now gaining in popularity in the U.S. Dual-flush toilets let you choose between a 1-gallon (or less) flush for liquid waste, and a 1.6-gallon flush for solid waste. Dual-flush 1.6-GPF toilets reduce water consumption by an additional 30%.</li>
</ul>
<strong>6. Use appliances and electronics responsibly.</strong><br />
Appliances and electronics account for about 20% of household energy bills in a typical U.S. home. The following are tips that will reduce the required energy of electronics and appliances:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>Refrigerators and freezers should not be located near the stove, dishwasher or heat vents, or exposed to direct sunlight. Exposure to warm areas will force them to use more energy to remain cool. </li>
<li>Computers should be shut off when not in use. If unattended computers must be left on, their monitors should be shut off. According to some studies, computers account for approximately 3% of all energy consumption in the United States. </li>
<li>Use efficient ENERGY STAR-rated appliances and electronics. These devices, approved by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency’s ENERGY STAR Program, include TVs, home theater systems, DVD players, CD players, receivers, speakers, and more. According to the EPA, if just 10% of homes used energy-efficient appliances, it would reduce carbon emissions by the equivalent of 1.7 million acres of trees. </li>
<li>Chargers, such as those used for laptops and cell phones, consume energy when they are plugged in. When they are not connected to electronics, chargers should be unplugged. </li>
<li>Laptop computers consume considerably less electricity than desktop computers.</li>
</ul>
<strong>7. Install daylighting as an alternative to electrical lighting.</strong><br />
Daylighting is the practice of using natural light to illuminate the home's interior. It can be achieved using the following approaches: <br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>skylights. It’s important that they be double-pane or they may not be cost-effective. Flashing skylights correctly is key to avoiding leaks; </li>
<li>light shelves. Light shelves are passive devices designed to bounce light deep into a building. They may be interior or exterior. Light shelves can introduce light into a space up to 2½ times the distance from the floor to the top of the window, and advanced light shelves may introduce four times that amount;</li>
<li>clerestory windows. Clerestory windows are short, wide windows set high on the wall. Protected from the summer sun by the roof overhang, they allow winter sun to shine through for natural lighting and warmth; and </li>
<li>light tubes. Light tubes use a special lens designed to amplify low-level light and reduce light intensity from the midday sun. Sunlight is channeled through a tube coated with a highly reflective material, and then enters the living space through a diffuser designed to distribute light evenly.</li>
</ul>
<strong>8. Insulate windows and doors.</strong><br />
About one-third of the home's total heat loss usually occurs through windows and doors. The following are ways to reduce energy lost through windows and doors:<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>Seal all window edges and cracks with rope caulk. This is the cheapest and simplest option. </li>
<li>Windows can be weatherstripped with a special lining that is inserted between the window and the frame. For doors, apply weatherstripping around the whole perimeter to ensure a tight seal when they're closed. Install quality door sweeps on the bottom of the doors, if they aren't already in place. </li>
<li>Install storm windows at windows with only single panes. A removable glass frame can be installed over an existing window. </li>
<li>If existing windows have rotted or damaged wood, cracked glass, missing putty, poorly fitting sashes, or locks that don't work, they should be repaired or replaced.</li>
</ul>
<strong>9. Cook smart.</strong><br />
An enormous amount of energy is wasted while cooking. The following recommendations and statistics illustrate less wasteful ways of cooking: <br />
<ul type="disc">
<li>Convection ovens are more efficient that conventional ovens. They use fans to force hot air to circulate more evenly, thereby allowing food to be cooked at a lower temperature. Convection ovens use approximately 20% less electricity than conventional ovens. </li>
<li>Microwave ovens consume approximately 80% less energy than conventional ovens. </li>
<li>Pans should be placed on the matching size heating element or flame. </li>
<li>Using lids on pots and pans will heat food more quickly than cooking in uncovered pots and pans. </li>
<li>Pressure cookers reduce cooking time dramatically. </li>
<li>When using conventional ovens, food should be placed on the top rack. The top rack is hotter and will cook food faster. </li>
</ul>
<strong>10. Change the way you do laundry.</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Do not use the medium setting on your washer. Wait until you have a full load of clothes, as the medium setting saves less than half of the water and energy used for a full load. </li>
<li>Avoid using high-temperature settings when clothes are not very soiled. Water that is 140° F uses far more energy than 103° F for the warm-water setting, but 140° F isn’t that much more effective for getting clothes clean.</li>
<li>Clean the lint trap every time before you use the dryer. Not only is excess lint a fire hazard, but it will prolong the amount of time required for your clothes to dry. </li>
<li>If possible, air-dry your clothes on lines and racks. </li>
<li>Spin-dry or wring clothes out before putting them into a dryer. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<style></style>
<div>
Homeowners who take the initiative to make these changes usually discover that the energy savings are more than worth the effort. Reliant Home Services can make this process much easier because they can perform a more comprehensive assessment of energy-savings potential than the average homeowner can. </div>
</div>
<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-8517393498504720352013-12-12T13:27:00.004-08:002013-12-12T13:27:40.637-08:00<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title">
Home Safety for the Elderly</h1>
<div align="left">
Each year, according to estimates by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), nearly 1 million people over age 65 are treated in hospital emergency rooms for injuries associated with the products they live with and use everyday. The death rate from accidental injuries in the home is approximately three times greater for older people than for the younger population. <img align="right" alt="" height="139" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/grandparents_07.gif" style="margin: 0px;" title="" width="135" /> Specifically, there are 60 deaths per 100,000 persons 65 and older, while there are 20 deaths per 100,000 persons under 65. <br /><div align="left">
<br /> Slips and falls are the main cause of injury for older people in the home. The CPSC recommends the use of grab-bars and non-slip mats in the bathtub, handrails on both sides of the stairs, and slip-resistant carpets and rugs. Burns occur from hot tap water and from open flame. The CPSC recommends that consumers turn down the temperature of their water heater to 120 degrees Fahrenheit to help prevent scalds. The CPSC also recommends the installation and maintenance of at least one smoke detector on every floor of the home. Older consumers should consider purchasing nightwear that is flame-resistant and choose garments made of tightly woven fabrics, such as 100% polyester, 100% nylon or 100% wool.</div>
</div>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Home Safety Checklist for Older Consumers</strong></div>
<div align="center">
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
The CPSC believes that many of injuries to elderly persons in their homes result from hazards that are easy to overlook, but also easy to fix. By spotting these hazards and taking some simple steps to correct them, many injuries might be prevented. Use this checklist to spot possible safety problems which may be present in your home. Keep this checklist as a reminder of safe practices, and use it periodically to re-check your home. This checklist is organized by areas in the home. However, there are some potential hazards that need to be checked in more than just one area of your home. <br /><div align="center">
<strong></strong></div>
</div>
<div>
<div align="center">
<strong>ALL AREAS OF THE HOME</strong></div>
</div>
<div>
<div align="center">
<strong> </strong><strong></strong></div>
In all areas of your home, check all electrical and telephone cords; rugs, runners and mats; telephone areas; smoke detectors; electrical outlets and switches; light bulbs; space heaters; woodburning stoves; and your emergency exit plan. </div>
<center>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
<strong>CHECK ALL CORDS</strong></div>
</center>
<strong></strong> <br />
<div>
<strong><br /></strong><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are lamp, extension and telephone cords placed outside the flow of traffic? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Cords stretched across walkways may cause someone to trip. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Arrange furniture so that outlets are available for lamps and appliances without the use of extension cords. </li>
<li>If you must use an extension cord, place it on the floor against a wall where people can not trip over it. </li>
<li>Move the phone so that telephone cords will not lie where people walk. <br /></li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are cords pulled out from beneath furniture and rugs or carpeting? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Furniture resting on cords can damage them, creating fire and shock hazards. Electric cords which run under carpeting may cause a fire. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Remove cords from under furniture or carpeting. </li>
<li>Replace damaged and frayed cords. <br /></li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are cords attached to the walls, baseboards, etc., with nails or staples? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br />Nails and staples can damage cords, presenting fire and shock hazards. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Remove nails, staples, etc. </li>
<li>Check wiring for damage. </li>
<li>Use tape to attach cords to walls or floors. <br /></li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are electrical cords in good condition, and not frayed or cracked? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Damaged cords may cause a shock or fire. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Replace frayed or cracked cords. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do extension cords carry more than their proper load, as indicated by the ratings labeled on the cord and the appliance? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Overloaded extension cords may cause fires. Standard 18-gauge extension cords can carry 1,250 watts. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>If the rating on the cord is exceeded because of the power requirements of one or more appliances being used on the cord, change the cord to a higher-rated one, or unplug some appliances. </li>
<li>If an extension cord is needed, use one having a sufficient amp or wattage rating. <br /></li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong>CHECK ALL RUGS, RUNNERS AND MATS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are all small rugs and runners slip-resistant? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: The </strong>CPSC estimates that in 1982, over 2,500 people 65 and over were treated in hospital emergency rooms for injuries that resulted from tripping over rugs and runners. Falls are also the most common cause of fatal injury for older people. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Remove rugs and runners that tend to slide. </li>
<li>Apply double-faced adhesive carpet tape or rubber matting to the backs of rugs and runners. </li>
<li>Purchase rugs with slip-resistant backing. </li>
<li>Check rugs and mats periodically to see if backing needs to be replaced. </li>
<li>Place rubber matting under rugs. (Rubber matting that can be cut to size is available.) </li>
<li>Purchase new rugs with slip-resistant backing. <br /><br />NOTE: Over time, adhesive on tape can wear away. Rugs with slip- resistant backing also become less effective as they are washed. Periodically, check rugs and mats to see if new tape or backing is needed. <br /><br /><strong></strong></li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are emergency numbers posted on or near the telephone? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> In case of emergency, telephone numbers for the police, fire department, and the local poison control center, along with a neighbor's number, should be readily available. </div>
<ul>
<li>Write the numbers in large print and tape them to the phone, or place them near the phone where they can be seen easily. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you have access to a telephone if you fall, or experience some other emergency which prevents you from standing and reaching a wall phone? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ </div>
<div>
<br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong></div>
<ul>
<li>Have at least one telephone located where it would be accessible in the event of an accident which leaves you unable to stand. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong>CHECK SMOKE DETECTORS</strong></center>
<div>
<br /><br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are smoke detectors properly located?</div>
<div>
<br /> YES ___ NO___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> At least one smoke detector should be placed on every floor of your home. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Read the instructions that come with the smoke detector for advice on the best place to install it. </li>
<li>Make sure detectors are placed near bedrooms, either on the ceiling or 6 to 12 inches below the ceiling on the wall. </li>
<li>Locate smoke detectors away from air vents. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you have properly working smoke detectors? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Many fire injuries and deaths in homes are caused by smoke and toxic gases, rather than the fire itself. Smoke detectors provide an early warning and can wake you in the event of a fire. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Purchase a smoke detector if you do not have one. </li>
<li>Check and replace batteries and bulbs according to the manufacturer's instructions. </li>
<li>Vacuum the grillwork of your smoke detector periodically. </li>
<li>Replace any smoke detectors which can not be repaired. </li>
</ul>
<blockquote dir="ltr" style="margin-right: 0px;">
NOTE: Some fire departments or local governments will provide assistance in acquiring or installing smoke detectors. <br /></blockquote>
<center>
<strong>CHECK ELECTRICAL OUTLETS AND SWITCHES</strong></center>
<div>
<br /><br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are any outlets or switches unusually warm or hot to the touch?</div>
<div>
<br /> YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Unusually warm or hot outlets or switches may indicate that an unsafe wiring condition exists. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Unplug cords from outlets and do not use the switches. </li>
<li>Have an electrician check the wiring as soon as possible. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do all outlets and switches have cover plates, so that no wiring is exposed? </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<div align="left">
YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Exposed wiring presents a shock hazard. </div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Add a cover plate. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are light bulbs the appropriate size and type for the lamp or fixture? </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
YES ___ NO ___ </div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> A bulb of too high a wattage or the wrong type may lead to fire through overheating. Ceiling fixtures, recessed lights, and "hooded" lamps will trap heat. </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Replace with a bulb of the correct type and wattage. (If you do not know the correct wattage, use a bulb no larger than 60 watts.) </li>
</ul>
<div align="center">
<strong><br /> CHECK SPACE HEATERS </strong> </div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are heaters which come with a three-prong plug being used in a three-hole outlet or with a properly attached adapter? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> The grounding feature provided by a three-hole receptacle or an adapter for a two-hole receptacle is a safety feature designed to lessen the risk of shock. <br /><br /><ul>
<li>Never defeat the grounding feature. </li>
<li>If you do not have a three-hole outlet, use an adapter to connect the heater's three-prong plug. Make sure the adapter, ground wire or tab is attached to the outlet. <br /></li>
</ul>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are small stoves and heaters placed where they cannot be knocked over, and away from furnishings and flammable materials, such as curtains and rugs? </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
YES ___ NO ___<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
<strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Heaters can cause fires or serious burns if they cause you to trip or if they are knocked over. </div>
<ul>
<li>Relocate heaters away from passageways and flammable materials such as curtains, rugs, furniture, etc. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> If your home has space heating equipment, such as a kerosene heater, a gas heater, or an LP gas heater, do you understand the installation and operating instructions thoroughly?<br /> </div>
<div>
YES ___ NO ___ </div>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
<strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Unvented heaters should be used with the room door open or a window slightly open to provide ventilation. The correct fuel, as recommended by the manufacturer, should always be used. Vented heaters should have proper venting, and the venting system should be checked frequently. Improper venting is the most frequent cause of carbon monoxide poisoning, and older consumers are at particular risk. <ul>
<li>Review the installation and operating instructions. </li>
<li>Call your local fire department if you have additional questions. <br /><br /><center>
<strong><br /> CHECK WOODBURNING HEATING EQUIPMENT </strong></center>
</li>
</ul>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Is woodburning equipment installed properly? <br /><br /> YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Woodburning stoves should be installed by a qualified person, according to local building codes. <br /><br /><ul>
<li>Local building code officials or fire marshals can provide requirements and recommendations for installation. <br /><br />NOTE: Some insurance companies will not cover fire losses if wood stoves are not installed according to local codes. <br /><br /><center>
<strong><br /> CHECK THE EMERGENCY EXIT PLAN</strong></center>
</li>
</ul>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you have an emergency exit plan and an alternate emergency exit plan in case of a fire? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Once a fire starts, it spreads rapidly. Since you may not have much time to get out and there may be a lot of confusion, it is important that everyone knows what to do. <br /><br /><ul>
<li>Develop an emergency exit plan. </li>
<li>Choose a meeting place outside your home so you can be sure that everyone is capable of escape quickly and safely. </li>
<li>Practice the plan from time to time to make sure everyone is capable of escape quickly and safely. <br /> Remember periodically to re-check your home. <br /><strong></strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<strong> </strong></div>
<div>
<div align="center">
<strong>KITCHEN</strong></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /> In the kitchen, check the range area, all electrical cords, lighting, the stool, all throw rugs and mats, and the telephone area. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong>CHECK THE RANGE AREA</strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are towels, curtains, and other things that might catch fire located away from the range? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Placing or storing non-cooking equipment, such as potholders, dish towels, and plastic utensils on or near the range may result in fires or burns. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Store flammable and combustible items away from the range and oven. </li>
<li>Remove any towels hanging on oven handles. If towels hang close to a burner, change the location of the towel rack. </li>
<li>If necessary, shorten or remove curtains which could brush against heat sources. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you wear clothing with short or close-fitting sleeves while you are cooking? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> The CPSC estimates that 70% of all people who die from clothing fires are over 65 years of age. Long sleeves are more likely to catch fire than are short sleeves. Long sleeves are also more apt to catch on pot handles, overturning pots and pans and causing scalds. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Roll back long, loose sleeves or fasten them with pins or elastic bands while you are cooking. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are kitchen ventilation systems or range exhausts functioning properly, and are they in use while you are cooking? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Indoor air pollutants may accumulate to unhealthful levels in a kitchen where gas or kerosene-fire appliances are in use. </div>
<ul>
<li>Use ventilation systems or open windows to clear air of vapors and smoke. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are all extension cords and appliance cords located away from the sink and range areas? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Electrical appliances and power cords can cause shock or electrocution if they come in contact with water. Cords can also be damaged by excess heat. </div>
<ul>
<li>Move cords and appliances away from sink areas and hot surfaces. </li>
<li>Move appliances closer to wall outlets or to different outlets so you won't need extension cords. </li>
<li>If extension cords must be used, install wiring guides so that cords will not hang near sink, range, or working areas. </li>
<li>Consider adding new outlets for convenience and safety; ask your electrician to install outlets equipped with ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) to protect against electric shock. A GFCI is a shock-protection device that will detect electrical fault and shut off electricity before serious injury or death occurs. </li>
</ul>
<div>
For more information on cords, refer to the beginning of the checklist. <br /><br /><strong></strong></div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Does adequate lighting exist over the stove, sink and countertop work areas, especially where food is sliced? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Low lighting and glare can contribute to burns and cuts. Improve lighting by: </div>
<ul>
<li>opening curtains and blinds (unless this causes too much glare). </li>
<li>using the maximum-wattage bulb allowed by the fixture. (If you do not know the correct wattage for the fixture, use a bulb no larger than 60 watts.) </li>
<li>reducing glare by using frosted bulbs, indirect lighting, shades and globes on light fixtures, and partially closing the blinds or curtains. </li>
<li>installing additional light fixtures under cabinets and over the countertop. </li>
</ul>
<div>
Make sure that the bulbs you use are the right type and wattage for the light fixture.<br /><br /><strong></strong></div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you have a step stool which is stable and in good repair? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Standing on chairs, boxes or other makeshift items to reach high shelves can result in falls. The CPSC estimates that in 1982, 1,500 people over 65 were treated in hospital emergency rooms when they fell from chairs on which they were standing. </div>
<ul>
<li>If you don't have a step stool, consider buying one. Choose one with a handrail that you can hold onto while standing on the top step. </li>
<li>Before climbing on any step stool, make sure it is fully opened and stable. </li>
<li>Tighten screws and braces on the step stool. </li>
<li>Discard step stools with broken parts. </li>
</ul>
<div>
Remember: Check all of the product areas mentioned at the beginning of the checklist. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong><br /> LIVING ROOM/FAMILY ROOM</strong></center>
<div>
<br /> In the living room/family room, check all rugs and runners, electrical and telephone cords, lighting, the fireplace and chimney, the telephone area, and all passageways. <br /><br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are chimneys clear from accumulations of leaves, and other debris that can clog them? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>A clogged chimney can cause a poorly-burning fire to result in poisonous fumes and smoke coming back into the house. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Do not use the chimney until the blockage has been removed. </li>
<li>Have the chimney checked and cleaned by a registered or licensed professional. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Has the chimney been cleaned within the past year? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Burning wood can cause a build up of creosote inside the chimney. This tar-like material can ignite and result in a serious chimney fire. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Have the chimney checked and cleaned by a registered or licensed professional. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong><br /> CHECK THE TELEPHONE AREA </strong></center>
<div>
<br /> For information on the telephone area, refer to the beginning of the checklist. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong><br /> CHECK PASSAGEWAYS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are hallways, passageways between rooms, and other heavy traffic areas well lit? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Shadowed or dark areas can hide tripping hazards. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Use the maximum wattage bulb allowed by the fixture. (If you do not know the correct wattage, use a bulb no larger than 60 watts.) </li>
<li>Install night lights. </li>
<li>Reduce glare by using frosted bulbs, indirect lighting, shades and globes on light fixtures, and by partially closing blinds and curtains. </li>
<li>Consider using additional lamps or light fixtures. Make sure that the bulbs you use are the right type and wattage for the light fixture. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are exits and passageways kept clear? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Furniture, boxes and other items could be an obstruction or tripping hazard, especially in the event of an emergency or fire. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Rearrange furniture to open passageways and walkways. </li>
<li>Remove boxes and clutter. </li>
</ul>
<div>
Remember: Check all of the product areas mentioned at the beginning of the checklist. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>BATHROOM </strong></center>
<div>
<br /> In the bathroom, check bathtub and shower areas, water temperature, rugs and mats, lighting, small electrical appliances, and storage areas for medications. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong>CHECK BATHTUB AND SHOWER AREAS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are bathtubs and showers equipped with non-skid mats, abrasive strips, or surfaces that are not slippery? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Wet, soapy tile and porcelain surfaces are especially slippery and may contribute to falls. </div>
<ul>
<li>Apply textured strips or appliques on the floors of tubs and showers. </li>
<li>Use non-skid mats in the tub and shower, and on the bathroom floor. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do bathtubs and showers have at least one (preferably two) grab bars? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Grab bars can help you get into and out of your tub or shower, and can help prevent falls. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Check existing bars for strength and stability, and repair, if necessary. </li>
<li>Attach grab bars, through the tile, to structural supports in the wall, or install bars specifically designed to attach to the sides of the bathtub. If you are not sure how it is done, get someone who is qualified to assist you. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Is the temperature 120 degrees Fahrenheit or lower? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Water temperature above 120 degrees F can cause tap water scalds. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Lower the setting on your hot water heater to "low" or 120 degrees. If you are unfamiliar with the controls of your water heater, ask a qualified person to adjust it for you. If your hot water system is controlled by the landlord, ask the landlord to consider lowering the setting. </li>
</ul>
<div>
NOTE: If the water heater does not have a temperature setting, you can use a thermometer to check the temperature of the water at the tap. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Always check water temperature by hand before entering bath or shower. </li>
<li>Taking baths, rather than showers, reduces the risk of a scald from suddenly changing water temperatures. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong>CHECK LIGHTING</strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Is a light switch located near the entrance to the bathroom? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATIONS: </strong>A light switch near the door will prevent you from walking through a dark area. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Install a night light. Inexpensive lights that plug into outlets are available. </li>
<li>Consider replacing the existing switch with a "glow switch" that can be seen in the dark. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong>CHECK SMALL ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are small electrical appliances, such as hair dryers, shavers, curling irons, etc., unplugged when not in use? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Even an appliance that is not turned on, such as a hair dryer, can be potentially hazardous if it is left plugged in. If it falls into water in a sink or bathtub while plugged in, it could cause a lethal shock. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Unplug all small appliances when not in use. </li>
<li>Never reach into water to retrieve an appliance that has fallen in without being sure the appliance is unplugged. </li>
<li>Install a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) in your bathroom outlet to protect against electric shock. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong>CHECK MEDICATIONS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are all medicines stored in their original containers, and are they clearly marked? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Medications that are not clearly and accurately labeled can be easily mixed up. Taking the wrong medicine, or missing a dosage of medicine you need, can be dangerous. </div>
<ul>
<li>Be sure that all containers are clearly marked with the contents, doctor's instructions, expiration date, and patient's name. </li>
<li>Dispose of outdated medicines properly. </li>
<li>Request non-child-resistant closures from your pharmacist only when you cannot use child-resistant closures. </li>
</ul>
<div>
NOTE: Many poisonings occur when children visiting grandparents go through the medicine cabinet or grandmother's purse. In homes where grandchildren or other youngsters are frequent visitors, medicines should be purchased in containers with child-resistant caps, and the caps should be properly closed after each use. Store medicines beyond the reach of children. <br /><br />Remember: Check all of the product areas mentioned at the beginning of the checklist. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>BEDROOMS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /> In the bedroom, check all rugs and runners, electrical and telephone cords, and areas around beds. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong>CHECK AREAS AROUND BEDS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are lamps and light switches within reach of each bed? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Lamps or switches located close to each bed will enable people getting up at night to see where they are going. </div>
<ul>
<li>Rearrange furniture closer to switches, or move lamps closer to beds. </li>
<li>Install night lights. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are ash trays, smoking materials, and other fire sources (heaters, hot plates, teapots, etc.) located away from beds and bedding? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Burns are a leading cause of accidental death among seniors. Smoking in bed is a major contributor to this problem. Among mattress and bedding fire-related deaths in a recent year, 42% were to persons 65 or older. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Remove sources of heatandflame from areas around beds. </li>
<li>Don't smoke in bed. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Is anything covering your electric blanket when in use? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Tucking in electric blankets, or placing additional coverings on top of them can cause excessive heat buildup which can start a fire. <br /><br /><strong></strong></div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you avoid tucking in the sides or ends of your electric blanket? <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li>Use electric blankets according to the manufacturer's instructions. </li>
<li>Don't allow anything to be on top of the blanket while it is in use. This includes other blankets or comforters, and even pets sleeping on top of the blanket. </li>
<li>Don't set electric blankets so high that they could burn someone who falls asleep while they are on. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do you ever go to sleep with a heating pad which is turned on? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Never go to sleep with a heating pad if it is turned on because it can cause serious burns, even at relatively low settings. <br /><br /><strong></strong></div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Is there a telephone close to your bed? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>In case of an emergency, it is important to be able to reach the telephone without getting out of bed. <br /><br />Remember: Check all of the product areas mentioned at the beginning of the checklist. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong><br /> BASEMENT/GARAGE/WORKSHOP/STORAGE AREAS</strong></center>
<div>
<br /> In the basement, garage, workshop, and storage areas, check lighting, fuse boxes and circuit breakers, appliances and power tools, electrical cords, and flammable liquids. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong>CHECK LIGHTING </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are work areas, especially areas where power tools are used, well lit? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Power tools were involved in more 5,200 injuries treated in hospital emergency rooms to people 65 and over in 1982. Three-fourths of these were finger injuries. Good lighting can reduce the chance that you will accidentally cut your finger. </div>
<ul>
<li>Either install additional light, or avoid working with power tools in the area. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Can you turn on the lights without first having to walk through a dark area? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Basements, garages and storage areas can contain many tripping hazards and sharp and pointed tools that can make a fall even more hazardous. </div>
<ul>
<li>Keep an operating flashlight handy. </li>
<li>Have an electrician install switches at each entrance to a dark area. <br /><br /><center>
<strong></strong> </center>
</li>
<li><center>
<strong>CHECK THE FUSE BOX OR CIRCUIT BREAKERS</strong></center>
</li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> If fuses are used, are they the correct size for the circuit?</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
YES ___ NO ___ </div>
<div>
<br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Replacing a correct-size fuse with a larger size fuse can present a serious fire hazard. If the fuse in the box is rated higher than that intended for the circuit, excessive current will be allowed to flow and possibly overload the outlet and house wiring to the point that a fire can occur. </div>
<ul>
<li>Be certain that correct-size fuses are used. (If you do not know the correct sizes, consider having an electrician identify and label the sizes to be used.) </li>
</ul>
<div>
NOTE: If all, or nearly all, fuses used are 30-amp fuses, there is a chance that some of the fuses are rated too high for the circuit. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>CHECK APPLIANCES AND POWER TOOLS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are power tools equipped with a three-prong plug or marked to show that they are double-insulated? <br /> YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>These safety features reduce the risk of an electric shock. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Use a properly connected three-prong adapter for connecting a three-prong plug to a two-hole receptacle. </li>
<li>Consider replacing old tools that have neither a three-prong plug nor are double-insulated. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are power tools guards in place?<strong> </strong><br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Power tools used with guards removed pose a serious risk of injury from sharp edges and moving parts. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Replace guards that have been removed from power tools. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION: </strong>Has the grounding feature on any three-prong plug been defeated by removal of the grounding pin or by improperly using an adapter? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Improperly grounded appliances can lead to electric shock. </div>
<ul>
<li>Check with your service person or an electrician if you are in doubt. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>CHECK FLAMMABLE AND VOLATILE LIQUIDS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /><strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are containers of volatile liquids tightly capped? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> If not tightly closed, vapors may escape that may be toxic when inhaled. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Check containers periodically to make sure they are tightly closed. </li>
</ul>
<div>
NOTE: The CPSC has reports of several cases in which gasoline, stored as much as 10 feet from a gas water heater, exploded. Many people are unaware that gas fumes can travel that far. <br /><br /><strong></strong></div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are gasoline, paints, solvents and other products that give off vapors and fumes stored away from ignition sources? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids should be stored out of living areas in properly labeled, non-glass safety containers. </div>
<ul>
<li>Remove these products from the areas near heat and flame such as heaters, furnaces, water heaters, ranges, and other gas appliances. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>STAIRS </strong></center>
<div>
<br /> For all stairways, check lighting, handrails, and the condition of the steps and coverings. <br /></div>
<center>
<strong></strong> </center>
<center>
<strong>CHECK LIGHTING </strong></center>
<div>
<strong> </strong><br /><strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are stairs well lit? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Stairs should be lighted so that each step, particularly the step edges, can be clearly seen while going up and down stairs. The lighting should not produce glare or shadows along the stairway. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Use the maximum-wattage bulb allowed by the light fixture. (If you do not know the correct wattage, use a bulb no larger than 60 watts.) </li>
<li>Reduce glare by using frosted bulbs, indirect lighting, shades and globes on light fixtures, and by partially closing blinds and curtains. </li>
<li>Have a qualified person add additional light fixtures. Make sure that the bulbs you use are the right type and wattage for the light fixture. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION: </strong>Are light switches located at both the top and bottom of the stairs?</div>
<br />
<div>
YES ___ NO ___</div>
<div>
<br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Even if you are very familiar with the stairs, lighting is an important factor in preventing falls. You should be able to turn on the lights before you use the stairway from either end. </div>
<ul>
<li>If no other light is available, keep an operating flashlight in a convenient location at the top and bottom of the stairs. </li>
<li>Install night lights at nearby outlets. </li>
<li>Consider installing switches at the top and bottom of the stairs. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Do the steps allow secure footing? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION: </strong>Worn treads and worn and loose carpeting can lead to insecure footing, resulting in slips and falls. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Try to avoid wearing only socks or smooth-soled shoes or slippers when using stairs. </li>
<li>Make certain the carpet is firmly attached to the steps all along the stairs. </li>
<li>Consider refinishing or replacing worn treads, or replacing worn carpeting. </li>
<li>Paint outside steps with paint that has a rough texture, or use abrasive strips. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are the steps even and of the same size and height? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Even a small difference in step surfaces or riser heights can lead to falls. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Mark any steps which are especially narrow or have risers that are higher or lower than the others. Be especially careful of these steps when using the stairs. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Are the coverings on the steps in good condition? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Worn and torn coverings and nails sticking out from coverings could snag your foot and cause you to trip. </div>
<ul>
<li>Repair coverings. </li>
<li>Remove coverings. </li>
<li>Replace coverings. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION:</strong> Can you clearly see the edges of the steps? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> Falls may occur if the edges of the steps are blurred or hard to see. <br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Paint edges of outdoor steps white to see them better at night. </li>
<li>Add extra lighting. </li>
<li>If you plan to carpet your stairs, avoid deep-pile carpeting, and patterned and dark-colored carpeting that can make it difficult to see the edges of the steps clearly. </li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>QUESTION: </strong>Is anything stored on the stairway, even temporarily? <br /><br />YES ___ NO ___ <br /><br /><strong>RECOMMENDATION:</strong> People can trip over objects left on stairs, particularly in the event of an emergency or fire. </div>
<ul>
<li>Remove all objects from the stairway. </li>
</ul>
<center>
<div>
<strong></strong> </div>
<div>
<strong>REMEMBER PERIODICALLY TO RE-CHECK YOUR HOME.</strong><strong> </strong></div>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
Remember, Reliant Home Services can answer many of your safety-related questions during your next scheduled maintenance inspection.</div>
</center>
<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-76672521606535102212013-12-09T17:24:00.001-08:002013-12-09T17:26:45.085-08:00Holiday Home Safety Tips<h1 class="nopriv" id="page-title">
Holiday Home Safety Tips</h1>
<div align="center">
<img alt="" height="63" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/snowflakes.gif" style="height: 63px; width: 105px;" title="" width="105" /> <span style="font-size: x-large;">Merry Christmas</span> <img alt="" height="60" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/snowflakes.gif" style="height: 60px; width: 99px;" title="" width="99" /> </div>
<div align="center">
</div>
<div align="left">
The winter holidays are a time for celebration, and that means more cooking, home decorating, entertaining, and an increased risk of fire and accidents. Reliant Home Services recommends that you follow these guidelines to help make your holiday season safer and more enjoyable.</div>
<div align="left">
<br />
</div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Holiday Lighting</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Use caution with holiday decorations and, whenever possible, choose those made with flame-resistant, flame-retardant and non-combustible materials. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Keep candles away from decorations and other combustible materials, and do not use candles to decorate Christmas trees. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Carefully inspect new and previously used light strings, and replace damaged items before plugging lights in. If you have any questions about electrical safety, ask an InterNACHI inspector during your next scheduled inspection. Do not overload extension cords. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Don't mount lights in any way that can damage the cord's wire insulation. To hold lights in place, string them through hooks or insulated staples--don't use nails or tacks. Never pull or tug lights to remove them.</div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Keep children and pets away from light strings and electrical decorations. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Never use electric lights on a metallic tree. The tree can become charged with electricity from faulty lights, and a person touching a branch could be electrocuted. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Before using lights outdoors, check labels to be sure they have been certified for outdoor use. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Make sure all the bulbs work and that there are no frayed wires, broken sockets or loose connections. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Plug all outdoor electric decorations into circuits with ground-fault circuit interrupters to avoid potential shocks. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Turn off all lights when you go to bed or leave the house. The lights could short out and start a fire.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
<strong></strong> </div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Decorations</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Use only non-combustible and flame-resistant materials to trim a tree. Choose tinsel and artificial icicles of plastic and non-leaded metals. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Never use lighted candles on a tree or near other evergreens. Always use non-flammable holders, and place candles where they will not be knocked down. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
In homes with small children, take special care to avoid decorations that are sharp and breakable, and keep trimmings with small removable parts out of the reach of children. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Avoid trimmings that resemble candy and food that may tempt a young child to put them in his mouth. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div align="left">
<strong> </strong></div>
<div align="left">
<strong></strong> </div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Holiday Entertaining</strong></div>
<div align="left">
</div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Unattended cooking is the leading cause of home fires in the U.S. When cooking for holiday visitors, remember to keep an eye on the range. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Provide plenty of large, deep ashtrays, and check them frequently. Cigarette butts can smolder in the trash and cause a fire, so completely douse cigarette butts with water before discarding. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Keep matches and lighters up high, out of sight and reach of children (preferably in a locked cabinet). </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Test your smoke alarms, and let guests know what your fire escape plan is. </div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
</div>
<strong></strong> <br />
<div align="left">
<strong><br /> Trees</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
When purchasing an artificial tree, look for the label "fire-resistant." </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
When purchasing a live tree, check for freshness. A fresh tree is green, needles are hard to pull from branches, and when bent between your fingers, needles do not break. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
When setting up a tree at home, place it away from fireplaces, radiators and portable heaters. Place the tree out of the way of traffic and do not block doorways. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Cut a few inches off the trunk of your tree to expose the fresh wood. This allows for better water absorption and will help to keep your tree from drying out and becoming a fire hazard. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Be sure to keep the stand filled with water, because heated rooms can dry live trees out rapidly.</div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Make sure the base is steady so the tree won't tip over easily. </div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
<strong> </strong> </div>
<strong></strong> <br />
<div align="left">
<strong><br /> Fireplaces</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Before lighting any fire, remove all greens, boughs, papers and other decorations from fireplace area. Check to see that the flue is open. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Use care with "fire salts," which produce colored flames when thrown on wood fires. They contain heavy metals that can cause intense gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting if eaten. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Do not burn wrapping papers in the fireplace. A flash fire may result as wrappings ignite suddenly and burn intensely. </div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
</div>
<strong></strong> <br />
<div align="left">
<strong><br /> Toys and Ornaments</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Purchase appropriate toys for the appropriate age. Some toys designed for older children might be dangerous for younger children. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Electric toys should be UL/FM approved. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Toys with sharp points, sharp edges, strings, cords, and parts small enough to be swallowed should not be given to small children. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Place older ornaments and decorations that might be painted with lead paint out of the reach of small children and pets. </div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
<br />
<strong></strong><br /></div>
<div align="left">
<strong></strong> </div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Children and Pets </strong></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Poinsettias are known to be poisonous to humans and animals, so keep them well out of reach, or avoid having them. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Keep decorations at least 6 inches above the child’s reach. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Avoid using tinsel. It can fall on the floor and a curious child or pet may eat it. This can cause anything from mild distress to death. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Keep any ribbons on gifts and tree ornaments shorter than 7 inches. A child could wrap a longer strand of ribbon around their neck and choke. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Avoid mittens with strings for children. The string can get tangled around the child’s neck and cause them to choke. It is easier to replace a mitten than a child. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Watch children and pets around space heaters or the fireplace. Do not leave a child or pet unattended. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Store scissors and any sharp objects that you use to wrap presents out of your child’s reach. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Inspect wrapped gifts for small decorations, such as candy canes, gingerbread men, and mistletoe berries, all of which are choking hazards. </div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="left">
</div>
<div align="left">
<strong></strong> </div>
<div align="left">
<strong>Security</strong> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="left">
Use your home burglar alarm system. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
If you plan to travel for the holidays, don’t discuss your plans with strangers. </div>
</li>
<li><div align="left">
Have a trusted friend or neighbor to keep an eye on your home.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="center">
<br />
WE <strong>WISH YOU <br /> A SAFE & JOYOUS CHRISTMAS SEASON!</strong></div>
<div align="center">
<strong> </strong></div>
<div align="center">
<strong> </strong></div>
<div align="center">
<img alt="" height="149" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/tree.gif" title="" width="96" /> </div>
<div align="center">
</div>
<div align="center">
</div>
<div align="center">
</div>
<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-72567407050196525512013-01-21T13:17:00.004-08:002013-01-21T13:26:43.964-08:00Hot Water Recirculation Systems<div style="background-color: white; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<div id=":5l">
<div id=":5l">
<div>
A hot water recirculation system is a plumbing system that moves hot water to fixtures quickly without waiting for the water to get hot. Rather than relying on low water pressure, common in most water lines, recirculating systems rapidly move water from a water heater to the fixtures.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<strong>System Types </strong></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>dedicated loop: The circulation pump for this system is mounted on a pipe connected to the water heater tank down low. This is the cooler side of the loop, or the return. <br />The hot water pipe is installed in a loop throughout the home, passing near each plumbing fixture. At each fixture, a short pipe connects the loop to the hot water valve. Because hot water is constantly circulating through the hot water loop, any time a valve is opened, it takes only a fraction of a second for hot water to reach the valve.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote dir="ltr" style="margin-right: 0px;">
<div>
This helps extend the lifespan of the pump. If the home is not occupied, this pump will be probably be unplugged because the seller doesn't want to pay for its operation in an empty house. <img align="right" alt="Dedicated loop hot water recirculation system" height="287" src="http://www.nachi.org/images09/ded.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="Dedicated loop hot water recirculation system" width="350" /></div>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>integrated loop: This system is typically used on retrofits but may also be installed on new construction. It consists of a pump installed under the plumbing fixture farthest from the water heater. The pump contains a sensor which switches the pump on when water temperature drops below 85° F, and switches it off when water temperature reaches 95° F. Newer pumps are adjustable from 77° to 104° F.<br /><br />In this system, hot water is re-circulated intermittently. Hot water is returned to the water heater via the cold water pipes. This raises the temperature of the cold water slightly, but it returns to the usual cold temperature in a short time.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<strong>Activation</strong><br />
<br />
Hot water recirculation systems are most commonly activated by either a thermostat or a timer. Systems that use a thermostat or timer automatically turn the pump on whenever the water temperature drops below a set point, or when the timer reaches a certain setting. These systems ensure that hot water is always available at the faucet. </div>
<div>
<br />
<strong>Do they really save energy and water?</strong><br />
<br />
Regardless of whether they are controlled manually or automatically, recirculation systems reduce the amount of water that goes down the drain while the homeowner waits for the desired temperature. This fact allows for the following three advantages over conventional water distribution systems:<br />
<ul>
<li>They save time. Recirculating systems deliver hot water to faucets quickly, adding convenience for the homeowner. </li>
<li>They conserve water. According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Census Bureau, between 400 billion and 1.3 trillion gallons of water (or close to 2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools) are wasted nationally by households per year while waiting for water to heat up. </li>
<li>They limit municipal energy waste. The DOE estimates that 800 to 1,600 kilowatt-hours per year are used to treat and pump the water to households that will eventually be wasted while the occupant waits for tap water to warm to the desired temperature.</li>
</ul>
If recirculation systems pump continuously, however, they have the potential to use significantly more energy. For a modest-sized pump, this might be 400 to 800 KWH a year if the pump runs all the time. Also, heat loss from the pipes can be significant if the hot water pipes are poorly insulated. This will result in the hot water heater running more. This added heat may be a benefit in the winter, but heat loss may add heat to the house in the summer and may result in higher bills for use of air conditioning.<br />
<br />
<strong>Rebates</strong><br />
<br />
Some jurisdictions, particularly in areas where water is scarce, offer rebates on the purchase and installation of hot water recirculation systems. The cities of Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, for instance, offer a $100 rebate for homeowners who purchase a hot water recirculation system. The city of Scottsdale, Arizona, offers up to $200 for residential property owners who install theses systems, although they must comply with UL-product and installation standards. Some systems may not comply with efficiency standards set by these municipalities.<br />
<br />
<strong>Availability and Cost</strong><br />
<br />
Hot water recirculation systems are available nationwide from manufacturers, distributors, plumbing wholesale supply warehouses, and at selected retail home stores. The initial cost of dedicated systems may prevent some homeowners from installing these systems, as they require the purchase and installation of a pump and a large amount of piping. Integrated systems, by contrast, require only a pump and fittings. Energy savings will vary, depending on the design of the plumbing system, method of control and operation, and homeowner use. The system is easily installed and costs less than $400. </div>
<div>
<br />
<strong>Inspection Considerations</strong>These systems all require an in-line air valve and shut-off valve. Other requirements will vary with the installation's configuration, but may include a check valve and an additional shut-off valve. The pump may be connected to a sensor with high and low temperature limits so that the pump circulates water through the loop only when the sensor calls for it.<br />
Inspections should be limited to the system's proper operation.<br />
<strong><br /></strong></div>
</div>
<div>
<div id=":5l">
In summary, hot water redistribution systems are innovative plumbing systems that can save water and energy in certain circumstances. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Note: The terms "dedicated" and "integrated" are descriptive terms invented for the purposes of this article. No universal, suitable terms were found to describe these system types during research. </div>
</div>
</div>
Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-25625350981162616042013-01-21T10:52:00.002-08:002013-01-21T10:59:31.220-08:00Private well water, inspection and water testing<div style="background-color: white; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
<h1>
<span style="color: black;">Private Water Wells</span></h1>
<div>
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"></span></strong><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">If your family gets drinking water from a private well, do you know if your water is safe to drink? What health risks could you and your family face? Where can you go for help or advice? The EPA regulates public water systems; it does not have the authority to regulate private drinking water wells. Approximately 15% of Americans rely on their own private drinking water supplies, and these supplies are not subject to EPA standards, although some state and local governments do set rules to protect users of these wells. Unlike public drinking water <img align="right" alt="" height="219" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/privatewellpic.gif" style="margin: 0px;" title="" width="326" />systems serving many people, they do not have experts regularly checking the water’s source and its quality before it is sent to the tap. These households must take special precautions to ensure the protection and maintenance of their drinking water supplies.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong></strong></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Basic Information </strong></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">There are three types of private drinking water wells: dug, driven, and drilled. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Proper well construction and continued maintenance are keys to the safety of your water supply. Your state water-well contractor licensing agency, local health department, or local water system professional can provide information on well construction.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The well should be located so rainwater flows away from it. Rainwater can pick up harmful bacteria and chemicals on the land’s surface. If this water pools near your well, it can seep into it, potentially causing health problems.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Water-well drillers and pump-well installers are listed in your local phone directory. The contractor should be bonded and insured. Make certain your ground water contractor is registered or licensed in your state, if required. If your state does not have a licensing/registration program, contact the National Ground Water Association. </span></span></div>
<h1 class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"><!-- #BeginEditable "PageName" --></span></h1>
<h1 class="epaPageName">
<!-- #EndEditable --><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"></span></h1>
<span style="color: black;"><!-- END PAGE NAME --><!-- BEGIN CONTENT AREA --><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --><br /></span>
<div>
<h1 class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"><!-- #EndEditable --></span></h1>
<span style="color: black;"><!-- END PAGE NAME --><!-- BEGIN CONTENT AREA --><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --><br /></span>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">To keep your well safe, you must be sure that possible sources of contamination are not close by. Experts suggest the following distances as a minimum for protection — farther is better<span class="epaStates"> (see graphic on the right): <img align="right" alt="" height="298" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/welldistance.gif" style="margin: 0px;" title="" width="388" /></span></span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">septic tanks: 50 feet;</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">livestock yards, silos, septic leach fields: 50 feet;</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">petroleum tanks, liquid-tight manure storage and fertilizer storage and handling: 100 feet; and</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">manure stacks: 250 feet.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Many homeowners tend to forget the value of good maintenance until problems reach crisis-levels. That can be expensive. It’s better to maintain your well, find problems early, and correct them to protect your well’s performance. Keep up-to-date records of well installation and repairs, plus pumping and water tests. Such records can help spot changes and possible problems with your water system. If you have problems, ask a local expert to check your well construction and maintenance records. He or she can see if your system is okay or needs work.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Protect your own well area. Be careful about storage and disposal of household and lawn-care chemicals and wastes. Good farmers and gardeners minimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Take steps to reduce erosion and prevent surface water runoff. Regularly check underground storage tanks that hold home heating oil, diesel, or gasoline. Make sure your well is protected from the wastes of livestock, pets and wildlife.</span><br />
<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"></span></strong></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div>
<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;">Dug Wells</span></strong></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></strong> </span></div>
<div>
<div class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Dug wells are holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. Historically, a dug well was excavated below the ground water table until incoming water exceeded the digger’s bailing rate. The well was then lined (cased) with stones, brick, tile, or other material to prevent collapse. It was covered with a cap of wood, stone or concrete. Since it is so difficult to dig beneath the ground water table, dug wells are not very deep. Typically, they are only 10 to 30 feet deep. Being so shallow, dug wells have the highest risk of becoming contaminated.To minimize the likelihood of contamination, your dug well should have certain features. These features help to prevent contaminants from traveling along the <img align="right" alt="" height="224" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/wells_types_dug.gif" style="margin: 0px;" title="" width="276" />outside of the casing, or through the casing and into the well.</span><br />
<h5>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Dug Well Construction Features</span></h5>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The well should be cased with a watertight material (for example, tongue-and-groove pre-cast concrete), and a cement grout or bentonite clay sealant poured along the outside of the casing to the top of the well.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">The well should be covered by a concrete curb and cap that stands about a foot above the ground. </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">The land surface around the well should be mounded so that surface water runs away from the well and is not allowed to pond around the outside of the wellhead. </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Ideally, the pump for your well should be inside your home or in a separate pump house, rather than in a pit next to the well.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Land activities around a dug well can also contaminate it. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">While dug wells have been used as a household water supply source for many years, most are relics of older homes, dug before drilling equipment was readily available, or when drilling was considered too expensive. If you have a dug well on your property and are using it for drinking water, check to make sure it is properly covered and sealed. Another problem relating to the shallowness of a dug well is that it may go dry during a drought when the ground water table drops.</span></span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;">Driven Wells</span></strong><!-- END PAGE NAME --><!-- BEGIN CONTENT AREA --><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --> </span></div>
<div>
<div class="epaPageName">
<div>
<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Like dug wells, driven wells pull water from the water-saturated zone above the bedrock. Driven wells can be deeper than dug wells. They are typically 30 to 50 feet deep and are usually located in areas with thick sand and gravel deposits where the ground water table is within 15 feet of the ground’s surface. In the proper geologic setting, driven wells can be easy and relatively inexpensive to install. Although deeper than dug wells, driven wells are still relatively shallow and have a moderate-to-high risk of contamination from nearby land activities.</span></div>
<h5>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Driven Well Construction Features</span></h5>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Assembled lengths of 2- to 3-inch diameter metal pipes are driven into the ground. A screened “well point” located at the end of the pipe helps drive the pipe through the sand and gravel. The screen allows water to enter the well and filters out sediment.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The pump for the well is in one of two places: on top of the well, or in the house. An access pit is usually dug around the well down to the frost line, and a water discharge pipe to the house is joined to the well pipe with a fitting.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">The well and pit are capped with the same kind of large-diameter concrete tile used for a dug well. The access pit may be cased with pre-cast concrete. </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">To minimize this risk, the well cover should be a tight-fitting concrete curb and cap with no cracks, and should sit about a foot above the ground. Slope the ground away from the well so that surface water will not pond around the well. If there’s a pit above the well, either to hold the pump or to access the fitting, you may also be able to pour a grout sealant along the outside of the well pipe. Protecting the water quality requires that you maintain proper well construction and monitor your activities around the well. It is also important to follow the same land-use precautions around the driven well as described under dug wells.</span></div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img alt="" height="5" src="http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/images/epafiles_misc_space.gif" width="5" /></span><!--@@@endprint@@@--><!-- BEGIN HORIZONTAL TASKBAR --><!-- If using a horizontal taskbar, put the code here --><!-- END HORIZONTAL TASKBAR --> <!-- BEGIN PAGE NAME --></span><br />
<div class="epaPageName">
<!-- #BeginEditable "PageName" --><span style="color: black;"> </span><br />
<div class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><img align="right" alt="Graphic of a Drilled Well" border="1" height="207" hspace="4" src="http://www.epa.gov/safewater/privatewells/images/wells_types_drilled.jpg" vspace="4" width="250" /></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><strong>Drilled Wells</strong></span></span></div>
<div class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Drilled wells penetrate about 100 to 400 feet into the bedrock. Where you find bedrock at the surface, it is commonly called ledge. To serve as a water supply, a drilled well must intersect bedrock fractures containing ground water.</span> </span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Drilled Well Construction Features</span></strong></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">The casing is usually metal or plastic pipe, 6 inches in diameter, that extends into the bedrock to prevent shallow ground water from entering the well. By law, the casing has to extend at least 18 feet into the ground, with at least 5 feet extending into the bedrock. The casing should also extend a foot or two above the ground’s surface. A sealant, such as cement grout or bentonite clay, should be poured along the outside of the casing to the top of the well. The well should be capped to prevent surface water from entering the well. </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Submersible pumps, located near the bottom of the well, are most commonly used in drilled wells. Wells with a shallow water table may feature a jet pump located inside the home. Pumps require special wiring and electrical service. Well pumps should be installed and serviced by a qualified professional registered with your state.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Most modern drilled wells incorporate a pitless adapter designed to provide a sanitary seal at the point where the discharge water line leaves the well to enter your home. The device attaches directly to the casing below the frost line, and provides a watertight sub-surface connection, protecting the well from frost and contamination.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Older drilled wells may lack some of these sanitary features. The well pipe used was often 8, 10 or 12 inches in diameter, and covered with a concrete well cap either at or below the ground’s surface. This outmoded type of construction does not provide the same degree of protection from surface contamination. Also, older wells may not have a pitless adapter to provide a seal at the point of discharge from the well.</span></li>
</ul>
<h5>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Hydrofracting a Drilled Well</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></h5>
<h5>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"></span></h5>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Hydrofracting is a process that applies water or air under pressure into your well to open up existing fractures near your well, and can even create new ones. Often, this can increase the yield of your well. This process can be applied to new wells with insufficient yield and to improve the quantity of older wells.</span><br />
<h5>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong></strong></span><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><strong>How can I test the quality of my private drinking water supply? </strong></span></h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="epaPageName">
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Consider testing your well for pesticides, organic chemicals, and heavy metals before you use it for the first time. Test private water supplies annually for nitrate and coliform bacteria to detect contamination problems early. Test them more frequently if you suspect a problem. Be aware of activities in your watershed that may affect the water quality of your well, especially if you live in an unsewered area.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Human Health</strong></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"><!-- #EndEditable --></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"><!-- END PAGE NAME --><!-- BEGIN CONTENT AREA --><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --><br /></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" height="0" valign="top" width="0"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">The first step to protect your health and the health of your family is learning about what may pollute your source of drinking water. Potential contamination may occur naturally, or as a result of human activity.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><strong>What are some naturally occurring sources of pollution?</strong></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>micro-organisms</strong>: Bacteria, viruses, parasites and other microorganisms are sometimes found in water. Shallow wells — those with water close to ground level — are at most risk. Runoff, or water flowing over the land surface, may pick up these pollutants from wildlife and soils. This is often the case after flooding. Some of these organisms can cause a variety of illnesses. Symptoms include nausea and diarrhea. These can occur shortly after drinking contaminated water. The effects could be short-term yet severe (similar to food poisoning), or might recur frequently or develop slowly over a long time.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>radionuclides</strong>: Radionuclides are radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium. They may be present in underlying rock and ground water.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>radon</strong>: Radon is<strong> </strong>a gas that is a natural product of the breakdown of uranium in the soil and can also pose a threat. Radon is most dangerous when inhaled, and contributes to lung cancer. Although soil is the primary source, using household water containing radon contributes to elevated indoor radon levels. Radon is less dangerous when consumed in water, but remains a risk to health.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>nitrates and nitrites</strong>: Although high nitrate levels are usually due to human activities (see below), they may be found naturally in ground water. They come from the breakdown of nitrogen compounds in the soil. Flowing ground water picks them up from the soil. Drinking large amounts of nitrates and nitrites is particularly threatening to infants (for example, when mixed in formula).</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>heavy metals</strong>: Underground rocks and soils may contain arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium. However, these contaminants are not often found in household wells at dangerous levels from natural sources.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><strong>fluoride</strong>: Fluoride is helpful in dental health, so many water systems add small amounts to drinking water. However, excessive consumption of naturally occurring fluoride can damage bone tissue. High levels of fluoride occur naturally in some areas. It may discolor teeth, but this is not a health risk.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<h4>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What human activities can pollute ground water?</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="8" style="height: 0px; width: 200px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="middle" height="0" valign="top"><div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="height: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><img alt="" height="262" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/septictank_300.gif" title="" width="328" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="right" class="epaSmFont">
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Septic tanks are designed to have a leach field around them, which is an area where wastewater flows out of the tank. This wastewater can also move into the ground water.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>bacteria and nitrates</strong>: These pollutants are found in human and animal wastes. Septic tanks can cause bacterial and nitrate pollution. So can large numbers of farm animals. Both septic systems and animal manure must be carefully managed to prevent pollution. Sanitary landfills and garbage dumps are also sources. Children and some adults are at higher risk when exposed to waterborne bacteria. These include the elderly and people whose immune systems are weak due to AIDS or treatments for cancer. Fertilizers can add to nitrate problems. Nitrates cause a health threat in very young infants called “blue baby syndrome." This condition disrupts oxygen flow in the blood.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)</strong>: The number of CAFOs, often called “factory farms,” is growing. On these farms, thousands of animals are raised in a small space. The large amounts of animal waste/manure from these farms can threaten water supplies. Strict and careful manure management is needed to prevent pathogen and nutrient problems. Salts from high levels of manure can also pollute ground water.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>heavy metals</strong>: Activities such as mining and construction can release large amounts of heavy metals into nearby ground water sources. Some older fruit orchards may contain high levels of arsenic, once used as a pesticide. At high levels, these metals pose a health risk.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>fertilizers and pesticides</strong>: Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides to promote growth and reduce insect damage. These products are also used on golf courses and suburban lawns and gardens. The chemicals in these products may end up in ground water. Such pollution depends on the types and amounts of chemicals used and how they are applied. Local environmental conditions (soil types, seasonal snow and rainfall) also affect this pollution. Many fertilizers contain forms of nitrogen that can break down into harmful nitrates. This could add to other sources of nitrates mentioned above. Some underground agricultural drainage systems collect fertilizers and pesticides. This polluted water can pose problems to ground water and local streams and rivers. In addition, chemicals used to treat buildings and homes for termites and other pests may also pose a threat. Again, the possibility of problems depends on the amount and kind of chemicals. The types of soil and the amount of water moving through the soil also play a role.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><strong>industrial products and waste</strong>: Many harmful chemicals are used widely in local business and industry. These can pollute drinking water if not well-managed. The most common sources of such problems are: </span></span><ul>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>local businesses</strong>: These include nearby factories, industrial plants, and even small businesses such as gas stations and dry cleaners. All handle a variety of hazardous chemicals that need careful management. Spills and improper disposal of these chemicals and other industrial wastes can threaten ground water supplies.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>leaking underground tanks and piping</strong>: Petroleum products, chemicals and waste stored in underground storage tanks and pipes may end up in the ground water. Tanks and piping leak if they are constructed or installed improperly. Steel tanks and piping corrode with age. Tanks are often found on farms. The possibility of leaking tanks is great on old, abandoned farm sites. Farm tanks are exempt from the EPA rules for petroleum and chemical tanks.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><strong>landfills and waste dumps</strong>: Modern landfills are designed to contain any leaking liquids. But floods can carry them over the barriers. Older dumpsites may have a wide variety of pollutants that can seep into ground water.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>household waste</strong>: Improper disposal of many common products can pollute ground water. These include cleaning solvents, used motor oil, paints, and paint thinners. Even soaps and detergents can harm drinking water. These are often a problem from faulty septic tanks and septic leaching fields.</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><strong>lead and copper</strong>: Household plumbing materials are the most common source of lead and copper found in home drinking water. Corrosive water may cause metals in pipes or soldered joints to leach into your tap water. Your water’s acidity or alkalinity (often measured as pH) greatly affects corrosion. Temperature and mineral content also affect how corrosive it is. They are often used in pipes, solder and plumbing fixtures. Lead can cause serious damage to the brain, kidneys, nervous system, and red blood cells. The age of plumbing materials — in particular, copper pipes soldered with lead — is also important. Even in relatively low amounts, these metals can be harmful. The EPA rules under the Safe Drinking Water Act limit lead in drinking water to 15 parts per billion. Since 1988, the Act allows only lead-free pipe, solder and flux in drinking water systems. The law covers both new installations and repairs of plumbing.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>What You Can Do...</strong></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<h1 class="epaPageName">
<span style="color: black;"><!-- #EndEditable --></span></h1>
<span style="color: black;"><!-- END PAGE NAME --><!-- BEGIN CONTENT AREA --><!-- #BeginEditable "content" --><br /></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Private, individual wells are the responsibility of the homeowner. To help protect your well, here are some steps you can take:</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Have your water tested periodically. It is recommended that water be tested every year for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids, and pH levels. If you suspect other contaminants, test for those. Always use a state-certified laboratory that conducts drinking water tests. Since these can be expensive, spend some time identifying potential problems. Consult with your Reliant Services inspector for information about how to go about water testing. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span><br /><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#336699" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="8" style="height: 200px; width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="epaHighlightBox"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Testing more than once a year may be warranted in special situations if:</strong></span><br />
<ul>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">someone in your household is pregnant or nursing;</span> </span></li>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">there are unexplained illnesses in the family;</span> </span></li>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">your neighbors find a dangerous contaminant in their water;</span> </span></li>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">you note a change in your water's taste, odor, color or clarity;</span> </span></li>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">there is a spill of chemicals or fuels into or near your well; or</span> </span></li>
<li class="epaStates"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">you replace or repair any part of your well system.</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br wp="BR1" /><span style="color: white;">Identify potential problems as the first step to safe-guarding your drinking water. The best way to start is to consult a local expert -- someone who knows your area, such as the local health department, agricultural extension agent, a nearby public water system, or a geologist at a local university. </span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">Be aware of your surroundings. As you drive around your community, take note of new construction. Check the local newspaper for articles about new construction in your area.</span><br />
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Check the paper or call your local planning and zoning commission for announcements about hearings or zoning appeals on development or industrial projects that could possibly affect your water. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Attend these hearings, ask questions about how your water source is being protected, and don't be satisfied with general answers. Ask questions, such as: "If you build this landfill, what will you do to ensure that my water will be protected?" See how quickly they answer and provide specifics about what plans have been made to specifically address that issue.</span></span><br />
<h4>
<span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">Identify Potential Problem Sources</span></h4>
<span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">To start your search for potential problems, begin close to home. Do a survey around your well to discover:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Is there livestock nearby?</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Are pesticides being used on nearby agricultural crops or nurseries?</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Do you use lawn fertilizers near the well?</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Is your well downstream from your own or a neighbor's septic system?</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Is your well located near a road that is frequently salted or sprayed with de-icers during winter months?</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">Do you or your neighbors dispose of household waste or used motor oil in the backyard, even in small amounts?</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">If any of these items apply, it may be best to have your water tested and talk to your local public health department or agricultural extension agent to find ways to change some of the practices which can affect your private well. </span><br />
<span style="color: white;"><br /></span>
<div>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">In addition to the immediate area around your well, you should be aware of other possible sources of contamination that may already be part of your community or may be moving into your area. Attend any local planning or appeals hearings to find out more about the construction of facilities that may pollute your drinking water. Ask to see the environmental impact statement on the project. See if the issue of underground drinking water sources has been addressed. If not, ask why.</span> </span><br />
<center>
<div align="center">
<span style="color: white;"></span></div>
<h4 align="center">
<span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;">Common Sources of Ground Water Contamination</span></h4>
</center>
<table align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#336699" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="8" style="height: 0px; width: 450px;"><tbody>
<tr class="epaHighlightBox" valign="top"><td width="29%"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Category</strong></span></td><td width="71%"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong> Contaminant Source</strong></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Agricultural</strong></span></td><td><ul>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">animal burial areas </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">drainage fields/wells </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">animal feedlots </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">irrigation sites</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">fertilizer storage/use </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">manure spreading areas/pits, lagoons</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">pesticide storage/use</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr class="epaHighlightBox" valign="top"><td><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Commercial</strong></span></td><td><ul>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">airports </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">jewelry/metal plating </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">auto repair shops </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">laundromats</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">boat yards </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">medical institutions</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">car washes </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">paint shops</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">construction areas </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">photography establishments</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">cemeteries </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">process waste-water drainage </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dry cleaners fields/wells </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">gas stations </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">railroad tracks and yards</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">golf courses </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">research laboratories</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">scrap and junkyards </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">storage tanks</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Industrial</strong></span></td><td><ul>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">asphalt plants </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">petroleum production/storage </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">chemical manufacture/storage </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">pipelines</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">electronic manufacture </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">process waste-water drainage</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">electroplaters fields/wells</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">foundries/metal fabricators </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">septage lagoons and sludge</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">machine/metalworking shops </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">storage tanks </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">mining and mine drainage </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">toxic and hazardous spills </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">wood-preserving facilities</span> </span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr class="epaHighlightBox" valign="top"><td><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Residential</strong></span></td><td><ul>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">fuel oil </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">septic systems, cesspools </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">furniture stripping/refinishing </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">sewer lines</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">household hazardous products </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">swimming pools (chemicals)</span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">household lawns</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td><span style="color: white; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Other</strong></span></td><td><ul>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">hazardous waste landfills </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">recycling/reduction facilities </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">municipal incinerators </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">road de-icing operations</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">municipal landfills </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">road maintenance depots </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">municipal sewer lines </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Storm water drains/basins/wells</span> </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">open burning sites </span></li>
<li><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">transfer stations</span> </span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-70297339486177023872012-04-29T18:16:00.001-07:002012-04-29T18:16:11.445-07:008 Unexpected Factors That Can Threaten Your Home Sale<br />
Think your home is in top shape to sell? Not so fast. There are several unexpected hazards a home<br />
inspector can uncover that are enough to make prospective buyers run. Some are literally hidden from view; others sellers simply miss.<br />
People who live in a house for a long time often overlook the defects, It’s not that they’re trying to hide them – they just don’t notice them anymore.<br />
To catch these problems before it’s too late, consider hiring a professional to conduct a home inspection before putting your house on the market. In fact, having your home pre-inspected could save you money in the long run.<br />
It gives the seller time to obtain estimates and get repairs done, which is an advantage since jobs that are done fast usually cost more,<br />
Also, if you deal with these problems in the eleventh hour you may be forced to give the buyer some large credit that’s financially much more than what it would cost to repair these things yourself.<br />
That’s because prospective buyers are given a sense of security knowing that major problems have already been taken care of and won’t cost them a fortune down the line.<br />
<br />
<b>Read on for eight potential deal-breakers to check for, plus tips on how to fix them.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Mold</b><br />
When it comes to mold, it’s the yuck factor that often turns buyers off. Some people can tell if there’s mold in a house just by smelling it, while others are bothered by mold because it looks bad,<br />
But mold also has the potential to cause health problems. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, mold can cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, runny nose, red eyes and skin rash, and can also trigger asthma attacks.<br />
Luckily, you can usually clean up mold yourself with some common household products. The CDC recommends scrubbing mold off hard surfaces with soap and water, or a bleach solution of no more than 1 cup of bleach in 1 gallon of water. However, absorbent or porous materials, such as ceiling tiles and carpets, may have to be thrown away if they become moldy. Of course, don’t forget to fix plumbing leaks or other water problems too, or the mold is likely to come back.<br />
<br />
<b>Asbestos</b><br />
Is asbestos lurking in your home? It’s possible, since the mineral fiber was used in many building products until the 1970s for insulation and as a fire-retardant. (See a list of common places where asbestos can be found on the Environmental Protection Agency website.)<br />
Asbestos can be dangerous and even deadly when its microscopic fibers are inhaled, increasing your risk of developing such serious illnesses as lung cancer, mesothelioma (a cancer found in the thin lining of the lung, chest, abdomen and heart) and asbestosis, a noncancerous disease of the lungs.<br />
Don’t panic, though – danger only occurs when asbestos-containing materials are damaged or disturbed (such as through a remodeling job) and released into the air. Still, it’s a good idea to have your home tested for asbestos. If the inspector determines that the asbestos is a problem, or if you simply don’t want to risk scaring off potential buyers, you can either repair it, which involves sealing or covering asbestos material, or you can remove it, which is the more expensive option that also poses the greatest risk of fiber release, according to the EPA. Either way, the EPA advises that you hire professionals who are trained,<br />
experienced, reputable and accredited – especially if accreditation is required by state or local laws.<br />
<br />
<b>Underground oil tanks</b><br />
Underground oil tanks can be a real red flag to prospective buyers due to their potential to leak and contaminate groundwater. Because leaky oil tanks can cost thousands of dollars to fix, and insurance companies often do not provide coverage, buyers won’t want to have to shoulder that cost down the line.<br />
Sellers should also know that even if there is an underground oil tank on your property that is not in use, it still might have oil inside it. Consider getting the oil tank on your property removed to increase your chances of selling. If your home still relies on oil for heat, have a new oil tank installed safely above ground.<br />
<br />
<b>Lead paint</b><br />
Was your home built before the late 1970s? If so, there’s a good chance it might contain lead-based paint, according to the EPA, since it wasn’t until 1978 that the government banned lead-based paint from being used in homes. You can get lead in your body by breathing or swallowing lead dust, or by eating soil or paint chips containing lead (a risk for small children). Lead paint can scare away potential buyers because of its connection to a variety of maladies, including behavioral and learning problems in kids, reproductive problems, high blood pressure and memory and concentration problems. By law, homeowners must disclose known information on lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before selling a house, and<br />
sales contracts must include a disclosure form about lead-based paint, according to the EPA.<br />
To take care of your lead paint problem, unfortunately you can’t just paint over it. Instead, you must hire a certified lead “abatement” contractor who can remove, seal or enclose lead-based paint with special materials. To find a certified contractor, contact the The National Lead Information Center.<br />
<br />
<b>Unsafe stairwells</b><br />
When it comes to hazards that homeowners simply don’t notice anymore, unsafe stairwells are high on the list. It’s important to make sure stairs in your home have certain safety features in place, which can be especially important for homeowners with young children. We recommend doing the following to prepare for a sale:<br />
Fix handrails that are loose, incomplete or splintery.<br />
Install a light switch at the top and bottom of each staircase.<br />
Make sure platform or landing surfaces are slip-resistant<br />
Fix risers of uneven height.<br />
Exterior steps should be sloped to prevent water settlement and icing.<br />
Carpeting should be firmly affixed to stairs.<br />
<br />
<b>Radon</b><br />
You’ve heard about the dangers of carbon monoxide, but have you had your house tested for radon? “A lot of homes have this, and it’s about as invisible and hidden as you can get,” This extremely toxic, colorless gas that comes from the natural decay of uranium from soil in the ground. According to the EPA, exposure to radon in the home is responsible for an estimated 20,000 lung cancer deaths each year, and is the<br />
number-one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers.<br />
You can test radon levels yourself with an inexpensive testing kit available at home improvement stores, such as the Kidde Radon Gas Test Kit for $15 at Lowe’s. If your home is found to have unsafe radon levels (4 picocuries per liter in air or higher, says the EPA), you can hire a radon mitigation contractor to take care of the problem. One common technique contractors use is soil suction, which prevents radon from entering your home by drawing the radon from below the home and venting it through a pipe to the air above the home where it is quickly diluted.<br />
<br />
<b>Problems in the attic</b><br />
Who could forget the hilarious scene in National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation where the hapless Clark Griswold wakes up early to sneak presents for his family into the attic, only to get smacked in the face by the attic’s collapsible pull-down ladder. The truth is, though, attics can be a dangerous place in real life, too.<br />
When it comes to attic ladders, the problem is often that homeowners install the ladders themselves without adhering to safety<br />
standards. If you’re preparing for a home sale, be sure to take certain precautions, says Gromicko, such as tightening all nuts and bolts and fixing any cracked steps. You can also consider replacing an old, rickety wooden ladder with a new, aluminum model as well.<br />
Improper attic ventilation is also a cause for concern for home inspectors. Houses that are not properly ventilated cause a variety of problems, including rapid shingle deterioration on the roof, wood rot and mold buildup on the exterior of the home, as well as high temperatures throughout the living spaces in the summer. To keep your attic well-ventilated, we suggest using special vents (such as roof, gable and ridge vents) or an attic fan.<br />
<br />
<b>Overhanging tree branches </b><br />
Homeowners often don’t notice them, but tree branches that hang over your house can cause a lot of damage during storms, Indeed, this was a tough lesson learned by many homeowners in the Northeast during an early snowfall in late October, as<br />
the weight of the snow snapped many tree limbs onto roofs and power lines.<br />
Be sure to hire a professional tree service to remove any tree branches that dangle over your home before showing your home to<br />
buyers.<br />Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-17932886604617446022012-04-25T08:34:00.000-07:002012-04-25T08:34:14.217-07:00Air Quality in the Home<br />
<h1 style="cursor: default; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: left;">
<br /></h1>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Indoor air quality is generally worse than most people believe, but there are things you can do about it. </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Some Quick Facts:</span></strong><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Indoor air quality can be worse than that of outdoor air.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Problems can arise from moisture, insects, pets, appliances, radon, materials used in household products and furnishings, smoke, and other sources.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Effects range from minor annoyances to major health risks.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Remedies include ventilation, cleaning, moisture control, inspections, and following manufacturers' directions when using appliances and products.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Research has shown that the quality of indoor air can be worse than that of outdoor air. Many homes are built or remodeled more tightly, without regard to the factors that assure fresh and healthy indoor air. Our homes today contain many furnishings, appliances and products that can affect indoor air quality.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Signs of indoor air quality problems include:</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">unusual and noticeable odors;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">stale or stuffy air;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">a noticeable lack of air movement;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dirty or faulty central heating or air-conditioning equipment;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">damaged flue pipes and chimneys;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">unvented combustion air sources for fossil-fuel appliances;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">excessive humidity;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">the presence of molds and mildew;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">adverse health reaction after remodeling, weatherizing, bringing in new furniture, using household and hobby products, and moving into a new home; and</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">feeling noticeably healthier outside.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Common Sources of Air Quality Problems</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Poor indoor air quality can arise from many sources. At least some of the following contaminants can be found in almost any home:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">moisture and biological pollutants, such as molds, mildew, dust mites, animal dander, and cockroaches;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">high humidity levels, inadequate ventilation, and poorly maintained humidifiers and air conditioners;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">combustion products, including carbon monoxide, from unvented fossil-fuel space heaters, unvented gas stoves and ovens, and back-drafting from furnaces and water heaters;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">formaldehyde from durable-press draperies and other textiles, particleboard products, such as cabinets and furniture framing, and adhesives;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">radon, which is a radioactive gas from the soil and rock beneath and around the home's foundation, groundwater wells, and some building materials;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">household products and furnishings, such as paints, solvents, air fresheners, hobby supplies, dry-cleaned clothing, aerosol sprays, adhesives, and fabric additives used in carpeting and furniture, which can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs);</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">asbestos, which is found in most homes more than 20 years old. Sources include deteriorating, damaged and disturbed pipe insulation, fire retardant, acoustical material (such as ceiling tiles) and floor tiles;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">lead from lead-based paint dust, which is created when removing paint by sanding, scraping and burning;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">particulates from dust and pollen, fireplaces, wood stoves, kerosene heaters and unvented gas space heaters;</span> and</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">tobacco smoke, which produces particulates, combustion products and formaldehyde.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Remedies to Indoor Air Quality Problems</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Living Areas</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Paneling, pressed-wood furniture, and cabinetry may release formaldehyde gas.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy<em>:</em></strong> Ask about formaldehyde content before buying furniture and cabinets. Some types of pressed-wood products, such as those with phenol resin, emit less formaldehyde. Also, products coated with polyurethane or laminates may reduce formaldehyde emissions. After installation, open windows. Maintain moderate temperature and humidity.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Biological pollutants can grow on water-damaged carpet. New carpet can release organic gases.<strong></strong></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Promptly clean and dry water-damaged carpet, or remove it altogether. If adhesives are needed, ask for low-emitting ones. During installation, open doors and windows, and use window fans or room air conditioners. Vacuum regularly. Consider area rugs instead of wall-to-wall carpet. Rugs are easier to remove and clean, and the floor underneath can also be cleaned.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Some floor tiles contain asbestos.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Periodically inspect for damage or deterioration. Do not cut, rip, sand or remove any asbestos-containing materials. If you plan to make changes that might disturb the asbestos, or if materials are more than slightly damaged, contact a professional for repair or removal. Call your local or state health department or the Environmental Protection Agency.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Moisture encourages biological pollutants including allergens, such as mold, mildew, dust mites and cockroaches.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> If possible, eliminate moisture sources. Install and use exhaust fans. Use a dehumidifier, if necessary. Remove molds and mildew by cleaning with a solution of chlorine bleach (1 cup bleach to 1 gallon water). Maintain fresh air with natural and mechanical air circulation.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Your fireplace can be a source of carbon monoxide and combustion pollutants.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Open the flue when using the fireplace. Have the flue and chimney inspected annually for exhaust back-drafting, flue obstructions, cracks, excess creosote, and other damage. Install smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">An air conditioner can be a source of biological allergens.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> If there is a water tray, empty and clean it often. Follow all service and maintenance procedures, including changing the filter.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Gas and kerosene space heaters can release carbon monoxide and combustion pollutants.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Never use unvented kerosene or gas space heaters. In the room where the heater is located, provide fresh air by opening a door to the rest of the house, turning on an exhaust fan, and slightly opening a window.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Tobacco smoke contains harmful combustion and particulate pollutants, including carbon monoxide and combustion byproducts.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Do not smoke in your home or permit others to do so, especially near children. If smoking cannot be avoided indoors, open windows and use exhaust fans.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">New draperies may be treated with a formaldehyde-based finish and emit odors for a short time.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Before hanging, air draperies to ventilate odors. After hanging, ventilate the area. Maintain moderate temperature and humidity.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Paint manufactured before l978 may contain lead.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Leave lead-based paint undisturbed if it is in good condition. Before removing paint, test for lead. Do-it-yourself lead test kits are available from hardware and building supply stores. Do not sand, burn off or remove lead-based paint yourself. Hire a person with special training to correct lead-based paint problems. For more information, call 1-800-LEAD-FYI.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Many animals create airborne allergens, such as dander, hair, feathers and skin.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Keep pets outdoors as much as possible. Clean the entire house regularly. Deep-clean areas where pets are permitted. Bathe pets regularly.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Biological allergens caused by dust mites can trigger asthma.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Clean and vacuum regularly. Wash bedding in water hotter than 130 degrees F. Use more hard-surface finishes; they are less likely to attract and hold dust mites.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<em><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></em></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Kitchen</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Unhealthy and irritating vapors may be released from chemicals in household cleaners and similar products. <strong>Remedy:</strong> Select nonaerosol and non-toxic products. Use, apply, store and dispose of them according to manufacturers' directions. If products are concentrated, label the storage container with dilution instructions. Use up a product completely before discarding its container.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Pressed-wood cabinets can be a source of formaldehyde vapor.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Maintain moderate temperatures (80 degrees maximum) and humidity (about 45%). When purchasing new cabinets, select solid wood or metal cabinets, or those made with phenol resin; they emit less formaldehyde. Ventilate well after installation.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Unvented gas stoves and ranges are sources of carbon monoxide and combustion byproducts.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Keep appliance burners clean. Have burners periodically adjusted (blue-flame tip, not yellow). Install and use an exhaust fan. Never use a gas range or stove to heat your home.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Bathroom</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Organic gases are released from chemicals in some personal care products, such as deodorant, hair spray, shampoo, toner, nail polish and perfumes.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Select odor-free or low odor-producing products. Select nonaerosol varieties. Open a window, or use an exhaust fan. Follow manufacturers' directions when using the product and disposing of containers.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Air fresheners can release organic gases.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Open a window or use the exhaust fan. Follow manufacturers' directions. Select natural products.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Bedroom</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Humidifiers and cold-mist vaporizers can encourage biological allergens, including mold, mildew and cockroaches, that can trigger asthma, and encourage the spread of viruses and the growth of bacteria.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Use and clean these appliances according to manufacturers' directions. Refill daily with fresh water.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Moth repellents often contain the pesticide paradichlorobenzene.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Avoid breathing vapors. Place them in tightly sealed trunks or other containers. Store separately, away from living areas.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Chemicals used in the dry-cleaning process release organic gases.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Bring any odors to the attention of your dry cleaner. Try to air out dry-cleaned goods before bringing them indoors. Seek alternatives to dry cleaning, such as hand washing items. Consider using green dry cleaners who use newer, non-toxic solvents and methods to clean garments.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Utility Room</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Unvented gas clothes dryers produce carbon monoxide and combustion byproducts and can be a fire hazard.<strong> Remedy:</strong> Regularly dispose of lint around and under the dryer. Provide air for gas units. Vent the dryer directly to the outdoors. Clean the lint trap, vent and ductwork regularly.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Gas and oil furnaces and boilers, and gas water heaters can produce air-quality problems which include back-drafting of carbon monoxide and combustion pollutants.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Have your heating system and water heater, including gas piping and venting, inspected every year.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Asbestos pipe wrap and furnace insulation can release asbestos fibers into the air.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Periodically check for damage and deterioration. Do not cut, rip, sand or remove any asbestos-containing materials. If you plan to make changes that might disturb the asbestos, or if materials are more than slightly damaged, contact a professional for repair or removal.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Basement</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Ground moisture encourages biological allergens, including mold and mildew.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Inspect for condensation on walls, standing water on the floor, and sewage leaks. To keep the basement dry, prevent outside water from entering indoors by installing roof gutters and downspouts, by not watering close to the foundation, by grading soil away from the home, and by applying waterproofing sealants to the basement's interior walls. To prevent the accumulation of standing water, consider installing a sump pump. If sewage is the source of water intrusion, have drains professionally cleaned. If moisture has no obvious source, install an exhaust fan controlled by humidity levels. Remove mold and mildew. Regularly clean and disinfect the basement floor drain.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Radon is an invisible, radioactive gas which poses the risk of lung cancer.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Test your home for radon. Do-it-yourself kits are inexpensive and easy to use. Have an experienced radon contractor mitigate your home if your radon level is 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) or higher.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Chemicals in hobby products, such as solvents, paint, glue and epoxy, release organic gases. <strong>Remedy:</strong> Follow manufacturers' directions for use, ventilation, application, clean-up, and container storage and disposal. Use outdoors when possible. When using indoors, open a window or use an exhaust fan. Re-seal containers tightly. Clean tools outside or in a well-ventilated area.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Garage</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Car and small engine exhaust are sources of carbon monoxide and combustion byproducts.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Never leave vehicles, lawn mowers, snowmobiles, etc., running in the garage.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Paint, solvent and cleaning supplies may release harmful vapors.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Provide ventilation when using them. Follow manufacturers' directions. Buy only as much as you need. If the products contain methylene chloride, such as paint strippers, use them outdoors. Re-seal containers well. Keep products in their original, labeled containers. Clean brushes and other materials outside. Opt for non-toxic green products whenever possible.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Pesticides and fertilizers used in the yard and garden may be toxic.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Remedy:</strong> Use non-chemical methods whenever possible. Follow manufacturers' directions for mixing, applying and storing. Wear protective clothing. Mix or dilute these products outdoors. Provide ventilation when using them indoors. Store them outside of the home in their original, labeled containers. After using the product, remove your shoes and clean your hands and clothing to avoid bringing the chemicals into your home.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small; text-align: left;"></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"></span><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Install a smoke detector in each bedroom or in the adjacent hallway.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If you have gas or other fossil-fuel appliances in the house, install carbon monoxide detectors in these locations.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combination smoke and carbon monoxide detectors are available.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Check the batteries frequently, at least annually.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Amount of Ventilation</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If too little outdoor air enters a home, pollutants can accumulate to levels that can pose health and comfort problems. Unless they are built with a special mechanical means of ventilation, homes that are designed and constructed to minimize the amount of outdoor air that can "leak" into and out of the home may have higher pollutant levels than other homes. However, because some weather conditions can drastically reduce the amount of outdoor air that enters a home, pollutants can build up even in homes that are normally considered "leaky."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">How Does Outdoor Air Enter a House?</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Outdoor air enters and leaves a house by infiltration, natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. In a process known as infiltration, outdoor air flows into the house through openings, joints and cracks in walls, floors and ceilings, and around windows and doors. In natural ventilation, air moves through opened windows and doors. Air movement associated with infiltration and natural ventilation is caused by air-temperature differences between the indoors and outdoors, and by wind. Finally, there are a number of mechanical ventilation devices, from outdoor-vented fans that intermittently remove air from a single room, such as the bathroom and kitchen, to air-handling systems that use fans and ductwork to continuously remove indoor air and distribute filtered and conditioned outdoor air to strategic points throughout the house. The rate at which outdoor air replaces indoor air is described as the air-exchange rate. When there is little infiltration, natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation, the air-exchange rate is low and pollutant levels can increase.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Indoor Air Pollution and Health</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Health effects from indoor air pollutants may be experienced soon after exposure or, possibly years later.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Immediate Effects</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure, or it may take repeated exposures. These include irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, headaches, dizziness and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes, the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and humidifier fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors. Age and pre-existing medical conditions are two important influences. In other cases, whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity, which varies tremendously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants, as well.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds and other viral diseases, so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place that symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from home, for example, an effort should be made to identify indoor air sources that may be possible causes. Some effects may be made worse by an inadequate supply of outdoor air, or from the heating, cooling or humidity conditions prevalent in the home.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Long-Term Effects</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Other health effects may show up years after exposure has occurred, or only after long or repeated periods of exposure. These effects, which include some respiratory diseases, heart disease and cancer, can be severely debilitating or fatal. It is prudent to try to improve the indoor air quality in your home even if symptoms are not noticeable.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects, there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems. People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants. Further research is needed to better understand which health effects occur after exposure to the average pollutant concentrations found in homes, and which occur from the higher concentrations over short periods of time.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">In summary, indoor air contaminants can be a source of ill health. Our inspectors are trained in air quality to perform your next home inspection. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-60643768743007714392012-02-29T07:27:00.000-08:002012-02-29T07:27:21.068-08:00Basic Waterproofing for Basements<h1 style="background-color: white; cursor: default; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><strong style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: blue;">Water Damage Concerns</span></strong></h1><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"><strong></strong> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Basements are typically the area of a structure most at risk for water damage because they are located below grade and surrounded by soil. Soil releases water it has absorbed during rain or when snow melts, and the water can end up in the basement through leaks or cracks. </span><img align="right" alt="" height="194" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10/mold-basement.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="259" /><span style="color: blue;">Water can even migrate through solid concrete walls via capillary action, which is a phenomenon whereby liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space, such as a thin tube, or via porous materials. Wet basements can cause problems that include peeling paint, toxic mold contamination, building rot, foundation collapse, and termite damage. Even interior air quality can be affected if naturally occurring gasses released by the soil are being transmitted into the basement. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Properly waterproofing a basement will lessen the risk of damage caused by moisture or water. Homeowners will want to be aware of what they can do to keep their basements dry and safe from damage. Inspectors can also benefit from being aware of these basic strategies for preventing leaks and floods.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Prevent water entry by diverting it away from the foundation.</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Preventing water from entering the basement by ensuring it is diverted away from the foundation is of primary concern. Poor roof drainage and surface runoff due to gutter defects and improper site grading may be the most common causes of wet basements. Addressing these issues will go a long way toward ensuring that water does not penetrate the basement.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><img align="right" alt="" height="336" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10/downspout-extension-short1.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="382" /></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Here are some measures to divert water away from the foundation:</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: blue;">Install and maintain gutters and downspouts so that they route all rainwater and snow melt far enough away from the foundation of the building to ensure that pooling does not occur near the walls of the structure. At least 10 feet from the building is best, and at the point where water leaves the downspout, it should be able to flow freely away from the foundation instead of back toward it, and should not be collecting in pools.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">The finish grade should be sloped away from the building for 10 to 15 feet. Low spots that may lead to water pooling should be evened out to prevent the possibility of standing water near the foundation.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Shallow ditches called swales should be used in conditions where one or more sides of the building face an upward slope. </span><img align="right" alt="" height="242" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10/swales1.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="448" /><span style="color: blue;"> A swale should slope away from the building for 10 to 15 feet, at which point it can empty into another swale that directs water around to the downhill-side of the building, leading it away from the foundation.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Repair all cracks and holes.</span></strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">If leaks or seepage is occurring in the basement's interior, water and moisture are most likely entering through small cracks or holes. The cracks or holes could be the result of several things. Poor workmanship during the original build may be making itself apparent in the form of cracks or holes. Water pressure from the outside may be building up, forcing water through walls. The house may have settled, causing cracks in the floor or walls. Repairing all cracks and small holes will help prevent leaks and floods.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Here are some steps to take if you suspect that water is entering the basement through cracks or holes:</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: blue;">Identify areas where water may be entering through cracks or holes by checking for moisture, leaking or discoloration. Every square inch of the basement should be examined, especially in cases where leaking or flooding has not been obvious, but moisture buildup is readily apparent.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">A mixture of epoxy and latex cement can be used to fill small hairline cracks and holes. This is a waterproof formula that can help ensure that moisture and water do not penetrate basement walls. It is effective primarily for very small cracks and holes.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Any cracks larger than about 1/8-inch should be filled with mortar made from one part cement and two parts fine sand, with just enough water to make a fairly stiff mortar. </span><img align="right" alt="" border="null" height="318" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10/basement-crack.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="487" /><span style="color: blue;"> It should be pressed firmly into all parts of the larger cracks and holes to be sure that no air bubbles or pockets remain. As long as water is not being forced through basement walls due to outside pressure, the application of mortar with a standard trowel will be sufficient if special care is taken to fill all cracks completely.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">If water is being forced through by outside pressure, a slightly different method of patching with mortar can be used. Surface areas of walls or floors with cracks should first be chiseled out a bit at the mouth of the crack and all along its length. Using a chipping chisel and hammer or a cold chisel, cut a dovetail groove along the mouth of each crack to be filled, and then apply the mortar thoroughly. The dovetail groove, once filled, should be strong enough to resist the force of pressure that was pushing water through the crack.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: blue;">Apply sodium-silicate sealant to the walls and floor.</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Once all runoff has been thoroughly diverted away from the foundation, and all cracks and holes have been repaired and no leaking is occurring, a waterproof sealant can be applied as a final measure. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Sodium silicate is a water-based mixture that will actually penetrate the substrate by up to 4 inches. Concrete, concrete block and masonry have lime as a natural component of their composition, which reacts with the sodium silicate to produce a solid, crystalline structure which fills in all the microscopic cracks, holes and pores of the substrate. No water vapor or gas will be able penetrate via capillary action because the concrete and masonry have now become harder and denser from the sodium silicate. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Here are some steps and tips for its application:</span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: blue;">Special care should be taken when applying sodium silicate. It is an alkaline substance and, as such, can burn skin and eyes if it comes into contact with them. Inhalation can also cause irritation to the respiratory tract.<br />
</span><img align="right" alt="" height="257" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10/waterproofing.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="369" /></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Sodium silicate must be applied only to bare concrete, concrete block or masonry that has been cleaned thoroughly and is free of any dirt, oil, adhesives, paint and grease. This will ensure that it penetrates the substrate properly and fills in all microscopic cracks. It can be applied using a garden sprayer, roller or brush to a surface that has first been lightly dampened with a mop or brush. Apply two to three coats to the concrete, waiting 10 to 20 minutes between each application. Concrete block and masonry will take three to four coats, with the same 10 to 20 minutes between applications. Any excess should then be wiped away. Sodium silicate should not be over-applied or it will not be completely absorbed by the substrate, leaving a white residue.<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="color: blue;">Paint can then be applied without fear of water vapor getting trapped between the paint and the wall, which could eventually cause blistering and peeling. Adhesives for tile or floor covering can also be used more effectively, once the substrate has been sealed.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">Diverting water away from foundations so that it does not collect outside basement walls and floors is a key element in preventing flooding and water damage. Ensuring that any water that does end up near basement exteriors cannot enter through holes or cracks is also important, and sealing with a waterproof compound will help prevent water vapor or gas from penetrating, as well. By following these procedures, the risk of water-related issues in basement interiors can be greatly reduced, protecting the building from damage such as foundation rotting, mold growth, and peeling paint, as well as improving the interior air quality by blocking the transmission of gasses from the soil outside. </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> </div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-47407640218653583022012-02-22T06:30:00.000-08:002012-02-22T06:30:39.375-08:00Tornado Safety and Inspection<h1 style="background-color: white; cursor: default; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Tornadoes, also known as twisters or cyclones, are whirling columns of air that form with little warning and carve unpredictable paths of destruction through communities worldwide.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span></span></h1><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><img align="right" alt="" height="222" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/tornado3.jpg" style="height: 222px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; width: 307px;" title="" width="307" /><span style="color: #0b5394;">America’s “Tornado Alley” – roughly the area between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains – where tornadoes kill dozens and cause billions of dollars in damage annually, sustains the majority of these storms. The extreme danger posed by tornadoes to families and their homes justifies the need for InterNACHI inspectors and their clients to learn some basic tips concerning tornado behavior, preparedness, and<br />
post-storm damage inspection.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><strong></strong> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">What Causes Tornadoes?</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><strong></strong> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tornadoes form from giant storms called supercells, which are fast-rotating updrafts created when colder polar air meets warmer tropical air. Changing wind speeds and direction can cause rising air to rotate vertically, creating within the larger supercell what is known as a mesocyclone. For reasons not yet understood, columns of strong rotating air can develop within the mesocyclone, eventually extending from the cloud base to the ground in the form of a tornado. Their size, shape and color vary greatly, from transparent, narrow funnels several hundred feet across to dark wedges wider than they are tall.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tornadoes damage small areas and thus cause less damage nationwide than hurricanes and tropical storms, but for those caught in their path, tornadoes can wreak havoc unmatched by any other weather phenomenon. Most tornadoes have wind speeds of less than 110 miles per hour and dissipate after several miles, but larger storms can exceed 300 miles per hour and devastate communities hundreds of miles apart.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">Facts and Figures</span></strong></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Of the 50 states, Florida experiences the most tornadoes per unit area, while Oklahoma is hit by the strongest tornadoes per unit area. Bangaldesh, due to its poor building construction and general lack of tornado awareness, has the highest annual tornado death toll of any country.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tornadoes in the northern hemisphere generally rotate in a counterclockwise direction, while the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Supercells spawn land tornadoes. Dust devils and gustnadoes appear similar to tornadoes but they are distinct and far less dangerous phenomena.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">A waterspout is a relatively weak tornado that forms over water as a result of cumulus congestus clouds.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tornadoes are intense and can be long-lived. Consider the following extremes:</span></li>
<ul type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">The Bridge Creek-Moore tornado that happened just outside Oklahoma City in 1999 had winds of 301 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">The Great Bend tornado in Kansas that occurred in 1915 hurled a sack of flour 110 miles and a cancelled check 305 miles.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">In 1925, the nicknamed Tri-State Tornado that affected Missouri, Illinois and Indiana holds three records for traveling 219 miles at 73 mph and killing 295 people.</span></li>
</ul></ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">Classifications</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tornado strength is categorized by the following Enhanced Fujita Scale, whereby the storm receives an “F” rating from 0 to 5 based on the severity of the inflicted damage:</span><img align="right" alt="This photo shows the aftermath of an EF0 storm, the classification for the weakest tornado." border="null" height="214" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/EF0.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="This photo shows the aftermath of an EF0 storm, the classification for the weakest tornado." width="323" /></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF0: The weakest type of tornado can cause superficial damage to structures and vegetation.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF1: This rated tornado can cause major roof damage, with mobile homes seriously damaged.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF2: This stronger tornado may result in roof loss and wall collapse, with mobile homes destroyed and smaller trees uprooted.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF3: This is the maximum level that allows for reasonably effective residential sheltering in a first-floor interior room. Small cars can become projectiles and large trees can be snapped.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF4: At this level, most homes are completely destroyed, leaving a pile of debris on the foundation. A storm shelter is required to ensure safety. Trains and large trucks can be pushed over, and cars and large trees can be flung long distances.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">EF5: As the result of this strongest and most dangerous tornado, well-built homes can be lifted from their foundations and shredded in mid-air, then dispersed as coarse g</span><img align="right" alt="An E5 tornado leveled this home to its foundation." height="212" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/EF5.jpg" style="height: 212px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; width: 377px;" title="An E5 tornado leveled this home to its foundation." width="377" /><span style="color: #0b5394;">ranules over large areas. Large trucks and farm equipment can be smashed into their components parts, skyscrapers may actually be deformed, and entire communities may be leveled. At a rate of occurrence of just 0.1%, EF5 tornadoes are extremely rare, yet they have caused more than 20% of all tornado casualties.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">While no two tornadoes are alike, the anatomy of a tornado’s attack on a house is as systematic as it is fierce and is defined as “a progressive failure [that] begins top-down, then outside-in,” according to Timothy Marshall, a tornado expert who writes for <em>Popular Mechanics</em>. Within the first second, pummeling debris tears away a structure’s roof shingles and decking, while wind shatters and rushes through windows and raises the internal pressure. The upward force of the wind on the underside of the already weakened roof, combined with the uplift forces above the roof caused by the high wind, quickly overcome the relatively weak connections between the roof and the walls. The roof tears away from the house, leaving the exterior walls unsupported. In another second, the exterior walls blow out – first, the side walls parallel to the straight-line winds, followed by the windward wall, and finally the back wall – leaving the interior walls unprotected against the maelstrom. An EF4 tornado needs only four seconds to wipe a foundation clean.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">Myth vs. Fact</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Knowing what not to do can be just as essential as taking the proper safety precautions. Misconceptions concerning tornadoes persist in the media, which may lead to avoidable damage and even unnecessary injuries and deaths.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">We would like to dispel the following tornado myths that may harm building occupants:</span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Open windows to equalize the barometric pressure between the interior and the exterior pressure caused by a nearby tornado, thereby preventing damage to the building.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: While a pressure imbalance does exist, it is not great enough to cause a building to explode outward, as was once hypothesized. Damage is primarily caused where wind breaches the building from the outside, which is why windows and other openings should remain closed. Moreover, openings on the windward side of a building actually increase internal wind pressure, resulting in additional uplift force on the roof.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: The safest location in a house is its southwest corner.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: This notion originated in the 1887 text <em>Tornadoes</em>, from which it became conventional wisdom until a 1966 study indicated that the southwest corner is actually the most dangerous place to be during a tornado. The safest part of a structure during a tornado is the lowest central room, especially a bathroom or the area beneath a stairwell.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Tornadoes always travel in a northeasterly direction.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: While in most areas, tornadoes tend to follow their parent storms to the northeast, they may stop, change direction, or suddenly backtrack, seemingly at random. Local geography plays a part, too, such as in Minnesota, where tornadoes sometimes travel northwest, and</span><img align="right" alt="A conventional home may withstand the effects of an EF2 tornado, but it destroyed this mobile home." border="null" height="199" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/EF2.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="A conventional home may withstand the effects of an EF2 tornado, but it destroyed this mobile home." width="378" /><span style="color: #0b5394;"> in coastal south Texas, where they sometimes travel southeast.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Tornadoes are “attracted to” mobile homes.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: The inordinate severity of damage inflicted on trailer parks, compared to conventional homes, can be attributed to the weakness of the building materials commonly used in mobile homes, their lack of foundations, and their small size.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Large auditoriums are safer during tornadoes than houses.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: Many studies have concluded that large-span structures, such as auditoriums and gymnasiums, are vulnerable to high winds because of their high surface area. As such, these buildings should be avoided.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Tornadoes do not strike cities.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: This myth is based on the comparatively small area occupied by downtown areas, which make them uncommon targets for tornadoes. Also, the urban heat-island effect may discourage the formation of weaker tornadoes. Significant tornadoes are unaffected by turbulent warm air, however, and EF4 and EF5 tornadoes have struck Atlanta, Georgia, Lubbock, Texas and even London, England.</span></div></blockquote><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">MYTH: Mountains, lakes and rivers are significant barriers against tornadoes.</span></li>
</ul><blockquote dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">FACT: Tornadoes have formed over rivers and lakes, and more than a dozen have crossed over the Mississippi River. Twisters have been observed as high as 12,000 feet (3,700 meters) above sea level and ascend 3,000-foot (910 meter) ridges without slowing down.</span></div></blockquote><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">Damage to Homes</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">While much tornado destruction is obvious, some of the damage is only apparent upon closer inspection. Even an insurance adjuster can miss critical structural and safety defects that may cost the homeowner a fortune to repair. According to CNN, a jury found that a major insurer acted “recklessly and with malice” while handling insurance claims resulting from the 1999 Oklahoma tornado, which posed serious safety defects to the building’s occupants. An unbiased and comprehensive assessment of the damage inflicted on a home by a tornado can be obtained by hiring our inspector. Read our article on <a href="http://www.nachi.org/emergency-inspector-help.htm" target="_blank" title="">Emergency Preparedness</a> to find out what to do after an emergency</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Specifically, the following elements should be inspected for damage:</span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">gas leaks. Uprooted trees may have damaged underground gas pipes, which can lead to deadly fires;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">electrical damage. Electrical equipment should be dried and checked before being returned to service. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell burning insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call a utility repairperson or an electrician first for advice;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">plumbing. Tornadoes can easily shake and rattle a home, causing plumbing lines to twist and crack. Following the storm, homeowners can check their plumbing by turning on all plumbing fixtures, checking cabinets for signs of water damage, and checking ceilings from below for staining. Avoid using toilets if sewage lines have been damaged;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">roof and siding. Cracking, tears and gouges caused to the roof and siding by flying debris will eventually allow for the entry of rainwater and snowmelt. Gable roofs are especially vulnerable to damage from the high wind generated by tornadoes. For additional support, attach wall studs to roof rafters using hurricane clips, not nails;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">chimney damage. Chimney damage may slow or stop the ventilation of carbon monoxide (CO) – a poisonous, colorless, odorless and tasteless gas – allowing it to accumulate in the living area. Inspect the chimney closely for damage in a tornado-damaged house. For more information, read InterNACHI’s article on chimney inspection;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">windows and gutters. Flying debris can smash windows, damage windowpanes and shutters, rip screens, and dent or tear away gutters;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">foundation. Strong winds can cause foundations to uplift. Check the perimeter of crawlspaces for any changes and inspect masonry for signs of separation or cracking;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">interior. Inspect for stress cracks in the corners where walls and ceilings meet, and especially the areas above windows and doors. Use a level to check for cupping of the floor and bowing of the walls. Water stains and mold on interior walls may appear some time after the tornado, indicating overlooked damage to the roof that has permitted moisture intrusion; and</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">garage doors. Due to their large surface area, garage doors can be damaged or blown in before other parts of the house are damaged. The wind may then damage the interior and accelerate the home’s collapse. Garage door system technicians can be hired to install horizontal bracing, impact-resistant coverings, and strengthen weak hinges and glider wheel tracks. Old or damaged doors should be replaced.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="color: #0b5394;">Tips for Clients</span></strong></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">If a tornado is in your area, immediately take shelter indoors, preferably in a basement or first-floor room, closet, hallway, or the void beneath a stairwell. Bathrooms are generally safe, as plumbing fixtures strengthen the walls and anchor them to the ground, and bathtubs can protect against flying debris. Crouch face down beneath a heavy table or workbench, and cover your head with your hands to protect against falling debris. Do not leave the building until the storm has passed. If possible, cover yourself with some sort of thick padding, such as blankets or a mattress.</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Also, avoid the following areas:</span><img align="right" alt="" height="283" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/tornado2.jpg" style="height: 283px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; width: 379px;" title="" width="379" /></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;" type="disc"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">rooms with many windows. Before any other part of the house fails, windows typically shatter and allow the entry of dangerous projectiles, such as broken masonry and gravel, in addition to glass shards from the window itself;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">rooms with exterior walls. Exterior walls will fail before interior walls, which often survive intact;</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">under heavy objects that are located on the floor above. A piano or refrigerator may fall through a weakened floor and crush anything below; and</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">mobile homes. Only 10% of Americans live in mobile homes but nearly half of all tornado fatalities happen in them. Mobile homes that are not tied down can be flipped in 60- to 70-mph winds, and even small tornadoes can cause them to completely disintegrate, leaving occupants unprotected. Leave a mobile home immediately and seek shelter elsewhere. If none can be found, lie flat in the nearest ditch with your hands shielding your head.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Please pass on the following tips to your family and friends:</span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Watch for atmospheric conditions that accompany tornadoes, such as a dark, greenish sky, large hailstones, a cloud of debris, a roaring noise, or a lowering, spinning storm cloud.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Monitor the Emergency Alert System (EAS) on the radio or TV and listen for tornado advisories. A tornado watch means that conditions are favorable for a tornado to form, while a tornado warning means a tornado has been sighted or detected on radar.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">If a tornado is approaching, shut off the water either at the main meter or at the water main that leads into the home.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Before a storm, shut off the electricity, as sparks from electrical switches could ignite gas and cause an explosion.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Keep all hazardous materials, such as poisons and chemical solvents, stored in a secure area away from emergency food and water supplies.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Arrange furniture so that chairs and beds are away from windows, mirrors and picture frames.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Secure top-heavy, freestanding furniture, such as bookcases and China cabinets, with L-brackets, corner brackets, eyebolts, flexible cable or braided wire, and place heavy items on the bottom shelves. This is an advisable safety precaution in general for families with small children and those who reside in earthquake-prone regions.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Keep a disaster supply kit on hand. It should include a first-aid kit, a flashlight with extra batteries, essential medicines, a battery-operated radio, emergency food and water, and a hand-held can opener. </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Install a safe room or storm shelter in or near the house. Read more about these in InterNACHI’s article on <a href="http://www.nachi.org/safe-rooms.htm" target="_blank" title="">Safe Rooms</a>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Following a storm, do not use matches, lighters or appliances or operate light switches until you are sure there are no gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear a hissing noise, open a window and leave the building as quickly as possible. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. Wait for a professional to turn the gas back on.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Read InterNACHI’s article on <a href="http://www.nachi.org/emergency-inspector-help.htm" target="_blank" title="">Emergency Preparedness</a> to find out what to do before and after an emergency.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">In summary, tornadoes are devastating and unpredictable, but a little knowledge concerning their basic behavior can save lives. We can all benefit by being aware and prepared in order to protect both our families and their properties.</span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
<br />
From <a href="http://www.nachi.org/tornado-safety-inspection.htm#ixzz1n7Z7WgVF">Tornado Safety and Inspection - InterNACHI</a> <a href="http://www.nachi.org/tornado-safety-inspection.htm#ixzz1n7Z7WgVF">http://www.nachi.org/tornado-safety-inspection.htm#ixzz1n7Z7WgVF</a></span></span>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-88468414504317245062012-01-01T12:37:00.000-08:002012-01-01T12:37:10.946-08:00New year wishHappy New Year All! Another year is ending and a new one<br />
beginning. This is a good thing as it gives us the<br />
opportunity to start fresh and renew our enthusiasm.<br />
<br />
Each day could be looked at that way, too. If fact, some<br />
people see waking up each morning as the beginning of<br />
not only a new day, but a new life. Then when they go<br />
to sleep, that is the end of the day and the end of that<br />
life -- a small death if you will.<br />
<br />
People who think that way try to make the day as full<br />
as possible...filled up with happiness, accomplishments,<br />
good deeds, gratitude and love. <br />
<br />
After all, if you knew you only had 16 hours to live, would<br />
you fill it with frustration, fear, anger, envy or greed? Or,<br />
would you try to be the best you could be and be as<br />
happy as you could and accomplish as much as you<br />
could and help others as much as you could and love<br />
as much as you could? And be thankful for everything!<br />
<br />
Of course, that's an extreme way of viewing life. But,<br />
you have to admit, if you look over the past year, there's<br />
a lot of opportunity to make improvement.<br />
<br />
I want each of you to accomplish more in the next year than<br />
you have in the past 10 years. That's my New Year<br />
wish for each of you.<br />
<br />
And in dealing with people, I will leave you this quote<br />
from Og Mandino...<br />
<br />
“Beginning today, treat everyone you meet as if they<br />
were going to be dead by midnight. Extend to them all<br />
the care, kindness and understanding you can muster,<br />
and do so with no thought of any reward. Your life will<br />
never be the same again.”<br />
<br />
Happy New Year!Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-72709265572019376002011-12-26T13:33:00.000-08:002011-12-26T13:33:38.631-08:00Emergency Preparedness:<h1 style="cursor: default; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Whether you're facing rising floodwaters or a wildfire that’s too close for comfort, many homeowners confront seasonal threats to their safety that force them to flee their properties, at least temporarily. In the last two years alone, damage created by severe weather and natural disasters in the U.S. has reached the tens of billions of dollars, as well as caused hundreds of deaths. In the fall of 2010, Boulder County, Colorado, experienced its worst wildfire in history with the Fourmile Canyon fire, which incinerated 135 homes in just three days after forcing 3,500 people to evacuate. In the spring of 2011, a record 165 tornadoes were recorded in a 24-hour period in the South, killing more than 300 people across six states. In April and May, the Mississippi River breached its banks in areas across six states that are home to many battles and graves of the Civil War, reaching levels not seen in 84 years, and causing both uncontrolled and controlled flooding in regions of the Gulf Coast that are still recovering from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Here are some tips everyone can use to make a strategic retreat, as well as ways that InterNACHI inspectors can help their clients both prepare for an emergency and assess any property damage upon their return home.</span></h1><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><img align="right" alt="" height="488" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/2010-weather-disaster-2.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="650" /></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Evacuating in the event of an emergency is often difficult under the best of circumstances. Sometimes we may receive ample warning to prepare, but many dangers are unpredictable. Given the e<img align="right" alt="" height="262" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/hazstat-chart.gif" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="350" />motional stress and panic that can compromise decision-making abilities in the moment, an important aspect to consider is whether the emergency is localized or widespread. An emergency such as a ruptured gas pipe, a chemical spill from a nearby truck or train accident, or a home fire suggests that help is just beyond the immediate zone of danger and the evacuation will be temporary, from just a few hours to one or two nights. All families should devise a Family Evacuation Plan that includes a location outside the home where family members can meet. But a larger disaster, such as the aforementioned flood or wildfire, or an earthquake, hurricane or tornado tends to affect a wider area and may compromise or fully disable public utilities, including communications, electricity, water and sewer. Roads within the danger zone may be blocked or difficult to travel, and emergency personnel may encounter problems reaching those who need assistance. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><img alt="" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/STUDEN~1.LIF/LOCALS~1/Temp/moz-screenshot-17.png" /></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><img alt="" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/STUDEN~1.LIF/LOCALS~1/Temp/moz-screenshot-15.png" /></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div>Regardless of the type of disaster, there are many things you can do to mitigate potential property damage and make for a secure departure, should the time come, especially given some warning to evacuate safely. And, upon returning home, we’d all like the shock to be minimized as much as possible.</div><div> </div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">To help homeowners get organized before an emergency, we’ve broken down these common concerns into three categories:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>personal health and safety;</li>
<li>home security; and</li>
<li>re-entry.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong> </strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong>PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong> </strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Homeowners should take certain measures to ensure their personal safety when they need to leave their homes for an unknown period of time. Make sure that you watch or listen to TV or radio for local news and broadcasts by the Emergency Alert System to stay abreast of the latest weather or other conditions, as well as to find out what local emergency management recommends, including the location of public shelters. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Here’s a list of things to pack that will help relieve the last-minute panic of leaving home in a hurry. This list may vary for each person, but the items are generally based on these priorities: short-term vs. long-term evacuation, and what you’ll need while you’re away, as well as what you shouldn’t leave behind while you’re gone:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>an all-purpose, waterproof first aid and emergency kit that includes hand sanitizer, a flashlight, a radio with batteries, and matches;</li>
<li>glasses, hearing aids, and prescription medications for all family members;<img align="right" alt="" height="241" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/emergency-kit.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="223" /></li>
<li>supplies for pets, including carriers, leashes, plastic or collapsible/camping-type water bowls, food and medication;</li>
<li>a kit of personal toiletries for each family member that’s ready to grab and go;</li>
<li>a change of clothes, including undergarments, footwear and outerwear;</li>
<li>sleeping bags and Mylar™ camping blankets;</li>
<li>personal paperwork in waterproof pouches, including irreplaceable or hard-to-replace documents, such as:</li>
<ul><li>drivers' licenses and other ID;</li>
<li>birth certificates;</li>
<li>Social Security cards;</li>
<li>passports;</li>
<li>insurance policies, and other banking, business and legal cards and documents;</li>
</ul><li>contact information for relatives, friends and neighbors, as well as local shelters, including the Red Cross and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which may be directing disaster relief activities in your area;</li>
<li>keys;</li>
<li>cash and credit cards;</li>
<li>firearms;</li>
<li>personal electronics, including cell phones and chargers;</li>
<li>irreplaceable personal effects, such as albums of photos that haven’t been digitally preserved;</li>
<li>enough snacks, including special food items such infant formula, and non-perishables, along with a can opener (if needed), to last until reaching alternative housing and supplies; </li>
<li>water. If the emergency may be extended, FEMA recommends a three-day supply of one gallon per person per day, to be used for both drinking and sanitation;</li>
<li>plastic bags, wet wipes, hand sanitizer and other items for personal sanitation and hygiene; and</li>
<li>a basic toolkit that includes work gloves, pliers, an adjustable wrench, a hacksaw, and other tools to fix a flat tire, turn off and on household utility shut-off valves, pry open a damaged door, or cut through tree branches that may be blocking a road.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">An expanded emergency supply list can include the following items:<img align="right" alt="" height="208" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/camping-lanterns.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="178" /></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>a gallon of bleach to be used as a disinfectant and to purify drinking water, if necessary. Adding 16 drops of plain household chlorine bleach to a gallon of water will make the water potable;</li>
<li>a gasoline-powered portable generator, along with extra gasoline;</li>
<li>a portable fire extinguisher;</li>
<li>portable lanterns and flashlights;</li>
<li>a camping toilet;</li>
<li>tents;</li>
<li>a portable cook stove and mess kits;</li>
<li>face masks for every family member;</li>
<li>plastic sheeting or tarps, duct tape and scissors to create a “shelter in place,” if a more secure shelter cannot be accessed in time. These can also be used to create a barrier from flying debris if it is not safe to leave and you must take refuge in your home; and</li>
<li>other supplies that can aid in daily routines if temporary accommodations are too difficult to reach or overcrowded. </li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">These items can help a family be self-sufficient while temporary accommodations and plans for returning home are sorted out. With the exception of medications and electronics that are used every day, most of the items can be stored in a central location, such as a coat closet or garage cupboard, or already loaded in your vehicle.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Other Considerations </strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">For residents with special needs, such as infants, the elderly, and those with mobility issues, an emergency evacuation plan is essential because the time needed to leave is greater, and the list of personal items is often specialized. For example, a lightweight, collapsible wheelchair may be a more practical option for short-term use for someone who is wheelchair-bound. A person who relies on oxygen may be able to invest in a portable, back-pack type supply. Those who wear hearing aids should keep extra batteries in their toiletries kit. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">In all cases, emergency personnel and first responders should be notified as soon as possible regarding the location of at-risk and elderly residents whose mobility may be compromised so that they can receive the additional assistance they need to make a safe getaway. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>The B-List</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">If a forced evacuation is predicted to be long-term and residents are afforded extra time to pack more than just the essentials, some homeowners may opt to pack items that have special sentimental or luxury value, such as heirlooms, jewelry, artwork, and other prized possessions.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Like most lists, this “B-list” should be made well in advance, including how such items can be packed into your vehicle while leaving room for occupants and emergency essentials, or even stored off-site at a secure location. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>HOME SECURITY</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The good news is that if you’re a homeowner whose home was inspected by an InterNACHI inspector, he or she probably already gave you your free copy of <em>Now That You’ve Had a Home Inspection,</em> the ultimate home maintenance manual, now in its fourth edition, and newly available in Spanish as a PDF download. This indispensable guide outlines exactly the types of things that homeowners should be aware of on a seasonal and annual basis to keep their homes in good repair, and many of these tips can be adapted to emergency situations. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">On a regular basis, homeowners should make sure that their property's drainage is unobstructed, including gutters, downspouts and drainfields. Tree limbs should be trimmed back so that they don't break off and damage the roof or become entangled in nearby power lines during a storm. Shingles and chimneys should be in good repair, with no loose elements that can become dangerous projectiles in high winds. Homeowners living in wildfire-prone areas should maintain an adequate defensible space around their properties.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">In addition to learning about the maintenance of their homes, homeowners should also take inventory of potential hazards within the home that can compromise personal safety, such as light fixtures, windows and shelf units. Things such as these can become unsteady or damaged and cause serious injury while a family takes shelter indoors during a severe storm or earthquake. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">If you’re not familiar with the locations of your shut-off valves and how to operate them, it’s critical for you to schedule an inspection with your InterNACHI inspector who can walk you through these essential steps so that, when the time comes, you can act confidently and quickly.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Shutting Off Utilities</strong><img align="right" alt="" height="209" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/circuit-breaker.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="196" /></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">If you have time, prior to shutting off the utilities to your home, turn off all your household appliances and unplug them. If you do not turn off the electrical service at the panel, your plugged-in appliances will still draw current and create potential hazards in an already unstable situation. </div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li><strong>Electricity:</strong> The method for disconnecting your electrical service depends on the age of your home and the type of system it has. Most homes have circuit breakers, but some older homes have fuses. Locate your main panel and open the door, called the dead front. For a fuse panel, you should find a knife-switch handle or pullout fuse clearly marked “main.” For a circuit breaker panel, there should be one switch marked “main,” with directions marked “on” and “off.” If you have more than one panel, it’s a good idea to turn off the switches or remove the fuses at the sub-panels because current can sometimes bypass the main breaker or fuse.<br />
</li>
<li><strong>Gas:</strong> Each of your gas-fueled appliances, such as your water heater and stove, should have its own shut-off valve. The service for your home is located outside at your gas meter. It may be exposed, it may be in a box underground, or it may be in an above-ground cabinet. Make sure that you have easy access to it (especially if it is a locking box), and make sure you know which service is yours if you live in multi-family housing. The shut-off valve itself generally runs parallel to the pipe that extends from the ground to the meter. Turning this valve 90 degrees in either direction so that the valve is crosswise to the pipe will shut off the gas supply. <img align="right" alt="" height="211" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/gas-valve-position.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="281" /></li>
</ul><blockquote style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div>If you suspect a leak, do not ignite any fire source (candle, cigarette, etc.) or turn on or off any electrical switches nearby, including lights, as even a minor spark can cause an explosion. Make sure that the service is safe to turn back on when you return home.</div></blockquote><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li><strong>Water: </strong> Each sink, commode and water-supplied appliance has its own shut-off valve. If you have time and depending on the type of emergency, shutting off the water to these appliances may prevent accidental flooding of the home. If you find it necessary to shut off the home’s water supply, make sure you know where the valve is located. Typically, it’s in an area of the home or garage that’s nearest the exterior valve at the meter. Similar to the gas shut-off valve, those with a blade-type valve are aligned with the pipe when turned on, and turning it a quarter-turn will shut the water off.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Lock Your Doors and Windows</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Secure the home’s window and door locks to prevent unwanted entry by intruders during a time of crisis. This includes all exterior doors and doors leading from an attached garage to the home, as well as yard gates and all outbuildings. During a tornado, some homes may become overly pressurized unless some windows are left open a crack. In hurricane-prone regions, windows may need to be boarded up. Use your judgment and the recommendations of local experts based on the type of emergency.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Other Security Issues</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Ranchers and farmers have their own particular concerns because of livestock, as well as additional buildings and equipment to secure. Likewise, commercial property owners and managers of multi-housing units have their own unique priorities that should be addressed ahead of time with employees and tenants in an emergency evacuation plan. Fire marshals generally require that the emergency escape route, of specified dimensions for easy visibility, be posted in a common location. Such signage is typically located near fire pull alarms and fire extinguishers. All residents and employees should concentrate on safe evacuation and leave security of the property to those charged with such responsibilities.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>RE-ENTRY</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Being let back onto one’s property after a disaster or emergency can be an emotional time, so it’s important to allow emergency personnel and first responders to do their jobs and to follow their instructions. Generally, unless you can turn on all of your utilities again, your access may be limited, but it depends on your municipality and the scope of the damage. You may be instructed to boil your water for a brief period of time while governmental agencies confirm that it’s potable and safe without treatment. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Before you re-enter your property, check the exterior. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Check the exterior.</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Make sure that there are no downed power lines on or near your property. If there are, do not attempt to move them yourself; immediately contact utility company personnel or law enforcement. </li>
<li>Check for broken tree branches that may impede your access to your property, or which themselves may be in contact with power lines; again, enlist help in such situations to avoid a potentially fatal injury. </li>
<li>Make sure the perimeter of your property is secure before allowing pets back onto the property. Natural disasters can be disorienting for them, and they may try to escape. <img align="right" alt="" height="238" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/hail-directionality.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="333" /></li>
<li>Check any damage to windows and exterior doors, as well as the roof, chimney and other penetrations, but do so safely. You may defer this to your InterNACHI inspector. </li>
<li>Check gutters, downspouts and exterior drainage for blockages, and clear them as soon as it's possible to do so safely.</li>
<li>It’s always best to document damage from the ground and contact your InterNACHI inspector who can make a more in-depth and detailed inspection. Even after you contact your insurance carrier, an unbiased inspection by a trained home inspector may reveal issues that are not immediately apparent, such as hail damage, which requires some expertise to properly identify, especially if the insurance investigator must inspect damage incurred by multiple clients in the aftermath of a widespread emergency.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Check the interior. </strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Before turning on the water and gas service to the home, check the individual appliances to make sure that they’re undamaged. Document all damage, and contact utility personnel if you don’t feel s<img align="right" alt="" height="217" src="http://www.nachi.org/images10-2/ir-image.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="217" />afe turning the fuel or water back on yourself. If there is no apparent damage or telltale smells or sounds (such as hissing) emanating from any appliances, it should be safe to turn on the gas and water at their shut-off valves. Make the same damage assessment before turning the electricity back on, too.</li>
<li>Securely dispose of perishable food items left in the refrigerator during a power outage. Ensure that stray animals foraging for food can’t access it. Some food left in the freezer may be salvageable, but always err on the side of caution to avoid serious illness caused by bacteria.</li>
<li>Go back through your home to check for structural damage, including broken glass. </li>
<li>In the aftermath of a storm or flood, check the basement, crawlspace and attic areas for moisture intrusion, as well as areas at window sills and exterior doors. Unchecked moisture can lead to mold problems and structural issues down the road. Have your InterNACHI inspector survey your home with an infrared camera, which can identify areas of moisture intrusion and energy loss that may not be visible to the naked eye.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Check in with neighbors and others.</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>At-risk and elderly neighbors should be accounted for. </li>
<li>Notify pet owners or Animal Control if you see disoriented domestic pets searching for their owners or homes. Also, avoid contact with wildlife that may have been forced from their natural habitat. Report their location to Animal Control.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Those of us untouched by disaster sometimes daydream about what we would grab if we had only moments to spare. The fact is, there is no bad time to actually make that list and prepare those plans. Talk with your entire family about what to do in an emergency. By making practical preparations and involving all family members, chances are that when disaster strikes, you’ll feel less panicked and more in control to guide your family in a safe and orderly evacuation. They'll know what to expect, too (as much as possible), and that will lessen their fear, which is especially important for keeping calm and acting quickly. Schedule a meeting with your InterNACHI inspector to help you devise a checklist to prepare your house in the event of an emergency, and to assess its condition afterward to make sure it’s safe for you to re-occupy. He or she can also help you get started on an action plan for repairs. And don't forget to replenish your emergency supply kits so that you can be prepared the next time, too.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div align="center" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">************************************</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div align="center" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong>Nick's BIG Survival List for Ultimate Self-Sufficiency</strong></div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong></strong> </div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">There was a time when citizens were encouraged to build bomb shelters in their backyards for nearly unimaginable worst-case scenarios, such as a foreign invasion or nuclear fallout. While U.S. national security has been reinforced to unprecedented levels, not every contingency can be met by third parties. </div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The list below represents the items a family will need to be truly self-sufficient if the grid goes down and public services and utilities are disabled for three months or longer. The list is long and comprehensive, and all the items will take time to assemble, so consider getting started now.</div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div align="left" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li>BOOKS</li>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.bardinmarsee.com/waterproof.aspx" target="_blank" title="">Bible (waterproof)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Survival-Evasion-Escape-Combat-bookshelf/dp/087947260X" target="_blank" title="">Survival, Evasion and Escape</a></li>
<li>Other survival handbooks, such as the classic Firefox© series</li>
<li>Gardening books</li>
<li>Baking and cookbooks</li>
<li>First-aid manuals</li>
<li>Pens and paper</li>
</ul><li><div>CLOTHING</div></li>
<ul><li>Hats (baseball cap for sun protection, and wool cap/balaclava for warmth)</li>
<li><div>Socks</div></li>
<li>Boots & other footwear </li>
<ul><li>Spare laces</li>
</ul><li>Work gloves</li>
<li>Overalls </li>
<li>Coats</li>
<li>Rubber boots</li>
<li>Rain suit or poncho</li>
<li><div>Clothes pins (for air-drying clothes)</div></li>
<li>Sewing kit</li>
<li>Sewing awl</li>
<li><a href="http://content.janome.com/index.cfm/Machines/Specialty/712T" target="_blank" title="">Treadle sewing machine</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.lehmans.com/store/Home_Goods___Laundry___Washing___Galvanized_Laundry_Rinse_Tubs___67DRT#62SS67DRT" target="_blank" title="">Wash tubs</a></li>
<li>Laundry tongs</li>
<li><a href="http://www.lehmans.com/store/Home_Goods___Laundry___Washing___Lehman_s__Laundry_Hand_Washer___32823315?Args=" target="_blank" title="">Hand washer/wringer</a> for laundry </li>
<li>Diapers</li>
<li>Diaper pins</li>
<li>Antique iron</li>
</ul><li>COMMUNICATION</li>
<ul><li>Cell phone charger (car)</li>
<li>Walkie-talkies (MURS band)</li>
<li>Two-way radios</li>
<li>CB radio</li>
<li><a href="http://www.brookstone.com/emergency-radio-weather-self-powered?bkeid=compare|mercent|googlebaseads|search&mr:trackingCode=920E8AFF-5143-E011-9ACB-0019B9C043EB&mr:referralID=NA&mr:adType=pla&gclid=CJbsmZK20qwCFcvJKgodaT2arQ" target="_blank" title="">Weather radio (hand-cranked)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://safetycentral.com/cawhplwila.html" target="_blank" title="">Whistle</a></li>
</ul><li>CURRENCY & BARTER</li>
<ul><li>Cash </li>
<li>Silver</li>
<li>Gold</li>
<li>Jewelry</li>
<li>Wine, beer & spirits</li>
</ul><li>DEFENSE & SECURITY</li>
<ul><li>Firearms</li>
<ul><li>Ammo</li>
<li>Gun-cleaning kit </li>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.whitecottongloves.net/white_gloves_001.html" target="_blank" title="">Cotton gloves</a></li>
</ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Knives</li>
<li>Night-vision scope and gear</li>
<li>Fully opaque, blackout curtains</li>
<li>Earth-tone or camouflage clothing</li>
<li>Green and brown dye</li>
<li>Locks</li>
<li>Detection systems</li>
<li>Alarms</li>
<li>Camera systems</li>
<li>Camouflage face vale </li>
</ul><li>ENTERTAINMENT</li>
<ul><li>Playing cards</li>
<li><a href="http://www.inspectoroutlet.com/internachi-residential-code-inspection-exam-prep-flash-cards.aspx" target="_blank" title="">InterNACHI's Residential Code Exam Prep Flash Cards</a></li>
<li>Board games, toys for young children</li>
<li>Harmonica and other acoustic musical instruments</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nachi.org/coloring-book.htm" target="_blank" title="">Coloring books</a> and crayons</li>
</ul><li>FOOD & COOKING SUPPLIES</li>
<ul><li>Energy bars</li>
<li><a href="http://www.thereadystore.com/mre/6-month-mre-supply" target="_blank" title="">MREs (Meals Ready-to-Eat)</a></li>
<li>Canned goods</li>
<li><a href="http://beprepared.com/product.asp_Q_pn_E_FS%20P100_A_name_E_SUPERPAIL%E2%84%A2%20Hard%20Red%20Wheat%20-%2045%20lbs" target="_blank" title="">Wheat (hard red)</a></li>
<li>Rice (white rice stores longer than brown, but has fewer nutrients)</li>
<li>Dried beans</li>
<li>Dried lentils</li>
<li>Oatmeal</li>
<li>Corn (whole-kernel)</li>
<li>Peanut butter</li>
<li>Dried fruit</li>
<li>Honey (liquid/pure stores the longest)</li>
<li>Sugar</li>
<li>Canned sardines, tuna, salmon</li>
<li>Cooking oil</li>
<li>Olive oil</li>
<li>Powdered milk</li>
<li><div>Vinegar</div></li>
<li>Salt (large supply)</li>
<li>Baking soda</li>
<li><a href="http://www.nitro-pak.com/why-choose-mountain-house-freeze-dried-foods/?gclid=CPHm8u-G06wCFQMDQAodeS5N_Q" target="_blank" title="">Nitrogen-packed food</a></li>
<li>Freeze-dried food</li>
<li>Ground coffee</li>
<li>Smoker</li>
<li>Food bags</li>
<li><div>Fishing gear</div></li>
<ul><li><div>Fishing nets</div></li>
<li>Fishing lines</li>
<li>Sinkers</li>
<li>Hooks</li>
</ul><li><div>Bow & arrows</div></li>
<ul><li>Bow strings (spares)</li>
</ul><li>Snare wire (stainless)</li>
<li>Hunting rifle & shotgun</li>
<ul><li>Ammo</li>
<li>Gun-cleaning kit</li>
<ul><li>Cotton gloves</li>
</ul><li>Ear protection</li>
<li>Eye protection</li>
<li>Rifle scope</li>
</ul><li>Boar spear</li>
<li><a href="http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200449763_200449763" target="_blank" title="">Meat grinder (hand-cranked)</a></li>
<li>Meat saw</li>
<li>Skinning knife</li>
<li>Gambrel</li>
<li><div>Garden seeds (non-hybrid, open-pollinated)</div></li>
<li>Sprouts</li>
<li><div>Gardening tools</div></li>
<li><a href="http://www.grainmaker.com/" target="_blank" title="">Grain grinder (hand-operated)</a></li>
<ul><li>Spare set of coarse burrs for grain grinder</li>
<li>Mortar and pestle </li>
</ul><li><div>Aluminum foil</div></li>
<li>Refrigeration:</li>
<ul><li>Cooler</li>
</ul><li>Food preparation items:</li>
<ul><li>Stainless steel bowl</li>
<li>Large skillet</li>
<li>Large stew pot</li>
<li>Mess kits</li>
<li>Can opener</li>
<li>Knives</li>
<li>Cooking utensils</li>
<li>Eating utensils</li>
<li>Camp stove</li>
<li>Dutch oven</li>
<li>Coffee pot (French press, reusable filter with holder)</li>
<li>Bay leaves</li>
</ul><li>Vitamins</li>
<li>Baby food</li>
<li>Pet food and bowls</li>
</ul><li>FUEL & POWER</li>
<ul><li>Propane cylinders</li>
<li>Gasoline</li>
<li>Diesel</li>
<li>Kerosene</li>
<li>Storage tanks</li>
<li>Siphoning tube</li>
<li>Motor oil</li>
<li>Generator (tri-fuel)</li>
<li>Coal</li>
<li>Photovoltaic power system</li>
<li>Photovoltaic battery charger</li>
<li>Rechargeable batteries</li>
</ul><li>HEAT & WARMTH</li>
<ul><li>Wool blankets</li>
<li>Pocket lighters</li>
<li>Matches (waterproof)</li>
<li>Fire steels</li>
<li>Fresnel magnifying lens</li>
<li>Hexamine fuel tablets</li>
<li>Sleeping bags</li>
<li>Insulated pads (to sleep on)</li>
<li>Firewood (split)</li>
<li>Axe</li>
<li>Wedge</li>
<li>Splitting maul</li>
<li><a href="http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200316859_200316859?cm_mmc=Aggregates-_-Google-_-Logging%3ELog%20Splitters-_-1188" target="_blank" title="">Log splitter (manual)</a></li>
<li>Saw</li>
<li><a href="http://www.woodlanddirect.com/Outdoor/Log-Splitter-Accessories/Smart-Holder-Saw-Horse-Wood-Holder?gdftrk=gdfV23673_a_7c1677_a_7c8224_a_7c1570001" target="_blank" title="">Sawhorse</a></li>
<li>Woodburner</li>
<ul><li>Fire extinguisher</li>
</ul></ul><li>HYGIENE</li>
<ul><li>Toilet paper</li>
<li>Soap (Fels Naptha®)</li>
<li>Toothbrush</li>
<ul><li>Toothpaste</li>
<li>Baking soda</li>
<li>Floss</li>
</ul><li>Feminine hygiene products</li>
<li>Straight razor</li>
<li><a href="http://www.westmarine.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Product_11151_10001_15753_-1?cid=chanintel_google&ci_src=14110944&ci_sku=15753" target="_blank" title="">Bucket toilet</a></li>
<li>Garbage bags</li>
<li>Powdered lime</li>
<li>Towels</li>
</ul><li>IDENTIFICATION & DOCUMENTS</li>
<ul><li>Passport</li>
<li>Birth certificate</li>
<li>Drivers license</li>
<li>Insurance policies</li>
<li>Deeds</li>
<li>Wills</li>
</ul><li><div>LIGHT</div></li>
<ul><li><div>Flashlight</div></li>
<ul><li><div>Batteries</div></li>
</ul><li><div>Candles </div></li>
<li><div>Lantern</div></li>
<ul><li>Lantern oil (clear)</li>
<li>Lantern wicks</li>
</ul></ul><li><div>MEDICAL</div></li>
<ul><li><div>First-aid kit</div></li>
<li>Bandages</li>
<li>Gauze</li>
<li>Rubbing alcohol</li>
<li>Tincture of iodine</li>
<li>Tincture of benzoin</li>
<li><a href="http://www.bigberkeywaterfilters.com/preparedness-products-c-71/potassium-iodate-tablets-p-196" target="_blank" title="">Potassium iodate tablets (to prevent thyroid damage from nuclear fallout)</a></li>
<li><div>Cotton balls</div></li>
<li>EMT shears (stainless steel)</li>
<li>Burn treatment kit</li>
<li>Oil of cloves</li>
<li>Temporary dental filling kit</li>
<ul><li>CIMPAT™</li>
<li>Tempanol™</li>
<li>Cavit™</li>
</ul><li>Crutches</li>
<li><a href="http://www.rei.com/product/407040/adventure-medical-kits-sam-splint" target="_blank" title="">SAM® splint</a></li>
<li>Disinfectants </li>
<li>Witch hazel</li>
<li>Hydrocortisone cream</li>
<li>Calamine lotion</li>
<li>Aloe vera gel</li>
</ul><li>PERSONAL</li>
<ul><li>Spare prescription eyeglasses</li>
<li>Sunglasses</li>
<li>Birth control</li>
<li>Medical prescriptions</li>
<li>Sunscreen</li>
<li>Bug repellent</li>
</ul><li><div>SHELTER & COMFORT</div></li>
<ul><li>Tent</li>
<li>Tent seam tape</li>
<li>Plastic sheets</li>
<li>Tarp</li>
<li>Ground cloth</li>
<li>Folding/camp chairs</li>
<li>Folding/camp tables</li>
</ul><li>TOOLS & SUPPLIES</li>
<ul><li>Anvil</li>
<li>Duct tape</li>
<li>Multi-tool</li>
<li>Chainsaw</li>
<li>Binoculars</li>
<li>Cable ties</li>
<li>Tie-downs</li>
<li>Come-along </li>
<li>Sharpening stone</li>
<li>Chain</li>
<li>Rope</li>
<li>Wire</li>
<li><a href="https://www.usaemergencysupply.com/emergency_supplies/gamma_seal_lid.htm" target="_blank" title="">Buckets with turn lids</a></li>
<li>Nails</li>
<li>Radiacmeter (hand-held Geiger counter)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.gemplers.com/dust-mask-respirator?src=25GLPPE&mkwid=sAOlmwHud&pcrid=6039017425" target="_blank" title="">N95 respirator masks</a></li>
<li>Bolt cutters</li>
<li>Other hand-powered tools</li>
<li>Shovels</li>
<li>Pulley</li>
<li>Paracord</li>
</ul><li>TRANSPORTATION</li>
<ul><li>Snowshoes</li>
<li>Backpack</li>
<li>Compass</li>
<li>Jumper cables</li>
<li>Local maps</li>
<li>Snowmobile</li>
<li>ATV</li>
<li>Diesel pickup truck</li>
<li>Cart</li>
<li>Sled</li>
<li>Tire chains</li>
<li>GPS</li>
<li>High-lift jack</li>
<li>Transfer pump</li>
</ul><li>WATER</li>
<ul><li>Bottled water</li>
<li>Purifier</li>
<li>Canteen</li>
<li>Sodium hypochlorite bleach</li>
<li><a href="https://www.usaemergencysupply.com/emergency_supplies/water_barrel_55_gallons.htm" target="_blank" title="">Storage containers/barrels</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.gototanks.com/200-Gallon-Pickup-Truck-Tank.aspx" target="_blank" title="">Pick-up truck water tank</a></li>
<li>HTH dry chlorine</li>
</ul></ul></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-81424425560136933812011-12-26T13:31:00.001-08:002011-12-26T13:31:17.888-08:00EMFs in the Home<h1 style="cursor: default; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em;"><strong style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;">Electromagnetic Fields</span></strong></h1><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></strong></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Can the electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) to which people are routinely exposed cause health effects? What are sources of EMFs, and when are they dangerous?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">An "electromagnetic field" is a broad term which includes electric fields generated by charged particles in motion, and radiated fields, such as TVs, radios, hair dryers and microwave ovens. Electric fields are measured in units of volts per meter, or V/m. Magnetic fields are measured in milli-Gauss, or mG. The field is always strongest near the source and diminishes as you move away from the source. These energies have the ability to influence particles at great distances. For example, the radiation from a radio tower influences the atoms within a distant radio antenna, allowing it to pick up the signal. Despite the many wonderful conveniences of electrical technology, the effects of EMFs on biological tissue remains the most controversial aspect of the EMF issue, with virtually all scientists agreeing that more research is necessary to determine safe or dangerous levels.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Research since the mid-1970s has provided extensive information on biological responses to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields. The Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Research and Public Information Dissemination (RAPID) Program was charged with the goal of determining if electric and magnetic fields associated with the generation, transmission and use of electrical energy pose a risk to human health. The fact that 20 years of research have not answered that question is clear evidence that health effects of EMF are not obvious and that risk relationships, if risk is identified, are not simple. Because epidemiologic studies have raised concerns regarding the connection between certain serious human health effects and exposure to electric and magnetic fields, the program adopts the hypothesis that exposure to electric or magnetic fields under some conditions may lead to unacceptable risk to human health. The focus of the program is not only to test (as far as possible within the statutory time limits) that hypothesis for those serious health effects already identified, but to identify, as far as possible, the special conditions that lead to elevated risk, and to recommend measures to manage risk. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (ES) is a physiological disorder characterized by symptoms directly brought on by exposure to electromagnetic fields. It produces neurological and allergic-type symptoms. Symptoms may include, but are not limited to, headache, eye irritation, dizziness, nausea, skin rash, facial swelling, weakness, fatigue, pain in joints and/or muscles, buzzing/ringing in the ears, skin numbness, abdominal pressure and pain, breathing difficulty, and irregular heartbeat. Those affected persons may experience an abrupt onset of symptoms following exposure to a new EMF, such as fields associated with a new computer or with new fluorescent lights, or a new home or work environment. Onset of ES has also been reported following chemical exposure. A concerted effort to provide scientifically valid research on which to base decisions about EMF exposures is underway, and results are expected in the next several years. Meanwhile, some authorities recommend taking simple precautionary steps, such as the following:</span></div><ul><li><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Increase the distance between yourself and the EMF source – sit at arm’s length from your computer terminal.</span></div></li>
<li><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Avoid unnecessary proximity to high EMF sources – don’t let children play directly under power lines or on top of power transformers for underground lines.</span></div></li>
<li><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Reduce time spent in the field – turn off your computer monitor and other electrical appliances when you aren’t using them.</span></div></li>
</ul><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The Office of Technology Assessment of the Congress of the United States recommends a policy of “prudent avoidance” with respect to EMF. "Prudent avoidance" means to measure fields, determine the sources, and act to reduce exposure.</span></div><ol><li class="morespaceli"><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Detect EMFs in your home and work environment. It is good to know where the sources of EMFs are in your everyday world and how strong these sources are. Is there wiring in the wall behind your bed that you don’t even know about? Is the vaporizer emitting strong fields in the baby’s room? How much EMFs are you and your family getting from the power lines in the street? Even hair dryers emit EMFs. Home inspectors often have meters to measure EMFs, or they can be purchased and shared with friends.<br />
</span></div></li>
<li class="morespaceli"><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Diminish your exposure to the EMFs you find. Determine how far you must stay away from the EMF emitters in your home and work environment to achieve less than 2.5 mG of exposure — the microwave oven, the alarm clock, the computer, and so on. Rearrange your furniture (especially the beds, desks, and couches where you spend the most time) away from heaters, wiring, fluorescent lights, electric doorbells, and other EMF “hot spots.” Where practical, replace electrical appliances with non-electric devices. Have an electrician correct faulty high EMF wiring and help you eliminate dangerous stray ground currents. Consult a qualified EMF engineer, if necessary. Contact the National Electromagnetic Field Testing Association at 1-847-475-3696 for consultants in your area.<br />
</span></div></li>
<li class="morespaceli"><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Shield yourself. Use shielding devices on your computer screen and cellular phone. Add shielding to your household wiring, circuit box and transformers.</span></div></li>
</ol><div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Magnetic fields are not blocked by most materials. Magnetic fields encountered in homes vary greatly. Magnetic fields rapidly become weaker with distance from the source.</span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Electric fields in the home, on average, range from 0 to 10 volts per meter. They can be hundreds, thousands, or even millions of times weaker than those encountered outdoors near power lines. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Electric fields directly beneath power lines may vary from a few volts per meter for some overhead distribution lines to several thousands of volts per meter for extra-high voltage power lines. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Electric fields from power lines rapidly become weaker with distance and can be greatly reduced by walls and roofs of buildings.</span></li>
</ul></div></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-33803245712970488582011-12-22T14:32:00.001-08:002011-12-22T14:32:58.290-08:00Biological Pollutants in the Home<h1 style="cursor: default; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Outdoor air pollution in cities is a major health problem. Much effort and money continue to be spent cleaning up pollution in the outdoor air. But air pollution can be a problem where you least expect it, in the place you may have thought was safest -- your home. Many ordinary activities, such as cooking, heating, cooling, cleaning and redecorating, can cause the release and spread of indoor pollutants at home. Studies have shown that the air in our homes can be even more polluted than outdoor air. Many Americans spend up to 90% of their time indoors, often at home. Therefore, breathing clean indoor air can have an important impact on health. People who are inside a great deal may be at greater risk of developing health problems, or having problems made worse by indoor air pollutants. These people include infants, young children, the elderly and those with chronic illnesses. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Many factors determine whether pollutants in your home will affect your health. They include the presence, use and condition of pollutant sources, the level of pollutants both indoors and out, the amount of ventilation in your home, and your overall health.</span></h1><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What are Biological Pollutants?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Biological pollutants are or were living organisms. They promote poor indoor air quality and may be a major cause of days lost from work and school, and of doctor and hospital visits. Some can even damage surfaces inside and outside your house. Biological pollutants can travel through the air and are often invisible. Some common indoor biological pollutants are:<img align="right" alt="" height="216" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/mite.gif" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" title="" width="321" /></span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">animal dander (minute scales from hair, feathers, or skin);</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dust mite and cockroach parts;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">infectious agents (bacteria and viruses); and</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">pollen.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Some of these substances are in every home. It is impossible to get rid of them all. Even a spotless home may permit the growth of biological pollutants. Two conditions are essential to support biological growth: nutrients and moisture. These conditions can be found in many locations, such as bathrooms, damp or flooded basements, wet appliances (such as humidifiers and air conditioners), and even some carpets and furniture. Modern materials and construction techniques may reduce the amount of outside air brought into buildings, which may result in high moisture levels inside. Using humidifiers, unvented heaters, and air conditioners in our homes has increased the chances of moisture forming on interior surfaces. This encourages the growth of certain biological pollutants.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The Scope of the Problem</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Most information about sources and health effects of biological pollutants is based on studies of large office buildings and surveys of homes in the northern U.S. and Canada. These surveys show that 30% to 50% of all structures have damp conditions which may encourage the growth and buildup of biological pollutants. This percentage is likely to be higher in warm, moist climates. Some diseases and illnesses have been linked with biological pollutants in the indoor environment. However, many of them also have causes unrelated to the indoor environment. Therefore, we do not know how many health problems relate only to poor indoor air.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Health Effects of Biological Pollutants</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">All of us are exposed to biological pollutants. However, the effects on our health depend on the type and amount of biological pollution and the individual person. Some people do not experience health reactions from certain biological pollutants, while others may experience one or more of the following reactions:</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">allergic;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">infectious; and/or</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">toxic.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Except for the spread of infections indoors, allergic reactions may be the most common health problem with indoor air quality in homes. They are often connected with animal dander (mostly from cats and dogs), with house dust mites (microscopic animals living in household dust), and with pollen. Allergic reactions can range from mildly uncomfortable to life-threatening, as in a severe asthma attack. Some common signs and symptoms are:</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">watery eyes;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">runny nose and sneezing;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">nasal congestion;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">itching;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">coughing;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">wheezing and difficulty breathing;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">headache; and</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">fatigue.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Health experts are especially concerned about people with asthma. These people have very sensitive airways that can react to various irritants, making breathing difficult. The number of people who have asthma has greatly increased in recent years. The number of people with asthma has gone up by 59% since 1970, to a total of 9.6 million people. Asthma in children under 15 years of age has increased 41% in the same period, to a total of 2.6 million children. The number of deaths from asthma is up by 68% since 1979, to a total of almost 4,400 deaths per year.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Talking to Your Doctor</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Are you concerned about the effects on your health that may be related to biological pollutants in your home? Before you discuss your concerns with your doctor, you should know the answers to the following questions. This information can help the doctor determine whether your health problems may be related to biological pollution.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Does anyone in the family have frequent headaches, fevers, itchy and watery eyes, a stuffy nose, dry throat, or a cough? Does anyone complain of feeling tired or dizzy all the time? Is anyone wheezing or having difficulties breathing on a regular basis?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Did these symptoms appear after you moved into a new or different home?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Do the symptoms disappear when you go to school or the office or go away on a trip, and return when you come back?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have you recently remodeled your home or done any energy-conservation work, such as installing insulation, storm windows, or weather stripping? Did your symptoms occur during or after these activities?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Does your home feel humid? Can you see moisture on the windows or on other surfaces, such as walls and ceilings?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What is the usual temperature in your home? Is it very hot or cold?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have you recently had water damage?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Is your basement wet or damp?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Is there any obvious mold or mildew?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Does any part of your home have a musty or moldy odor?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Is the air stale?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Do you have pets?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Do your house plants show signs of mold?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Do you have air conditioners or humidifiers that have not been properly cleaned?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Does your home have cockroaches or rodents?</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, such as the flu, measles, chicken pox, and tuberculosis, may be spread indoors. Most infectious diseases pass from person to person through physical contact. Crowded conditions with poor air circulation can promote this spread. Some bacteria and viruses thrive in buildings and circulate through indoor ventilation systems. For example, the bacterium causing Legionnaire's Disease, a serious and sometimes lethal infection, and Pontiac Fever, a flu-like illness, have circulated in some large buildings.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Toxic reactions are the least studied or understood health problem caused by some biological air pollutants in the home. Toxins can damage a variety of organs and tissues in the body, including the liver, the central nervous system, the digestive tract, and the immune system.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Checking Your Home</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">There is no simple or cheap way to sample the air in your home to determine the level of all biological pollutants. Experts suggest that sampling for biological pollutants is not a useful problem-solving tool. Even if you had your home tested, it is almost impossible to know which biological pollutant(s) cause various symptoms or health problems. The amount of most biological substances required to cause disease is unknown and varies from one person to the next. Does this make the problem sound hopeless? On the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">contrary, you can take several simple, practical actions to help remove sources of biological pollutants, to help get rid of pollutants, and to prevent their return.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Self-Inspection: A Walk Through Your Home</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Begin by touring your household. Follow your nose, and use your eyes. Two major factors help create conditions for biological pollutants to grow: nutrients and constant moisture with poor air circulation.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ol><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Dust and construction materials, such as wood, wallboard and insulation, contain nutrients that allow biological pollutants to grow. Firewood also is a source of moisture, fungi and bugs.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Appliances, such as humidifiers, kerosene and gas heaters, washers and clothes dryers, dishwashers and gas stoves, add moisture to the air.</span></li>
</ol></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">A musty odor, moisture on hard surfaces, and even water stains, may be caused by:</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">air-conditioning units;<img align="right" alt="" height="195" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/fridge_pan.gif" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" title="" width="338" /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">basements, attics and crawlspaces;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">bathrooms;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">carpets;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">heating and air-conditioning ducts;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">humidifiers and dehumidifiers;</span> and</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">refrigerator drip pans.</span></li>
</ul><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What You Can Do About Biological Pollutants</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Before you give away the family pet or move, there are less drastic steps you can take to reduce potential problems. Properly cleaning and maintaining your home can help reduce the problem and may avoid interrupting your normal routine. People who have health problems, such as asthma, or who are allergic, may need to do this and more. Discuss this with your doctor.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Moisture Control</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Water in your home can come from many sources. Water can enter your home by leaking or by seeping through basement floors. Showers and even cooking can add moisture to the air in your home. The amount of moisture that the air in your home can hold depends on the temperature of the air. As the temperature goes down, the air is able to hold less moisture. This is why, in cold weather, moisture condenses on cold surfaces (for example, drops of water form on the inside of a window). This moisture can encourage biological pollutants to grow.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">There are many ways to control moisture in your home:</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Fix leaks and seepage. If water is entering the house from the outside, your options range from simple landscaping to extensive excavation and waterproofing. (The ground should slope away from the house.) Water in the basement can result from the lack of gutters or a water flow toward the house. Water leaks in pipes and around tubs and sinks can provide a place for biological pollutants to grow.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Put a plastic cover over dirt crawlspaces to prevent moisture from coming in from the ground. Be sure crawlspaces are well-ventilated.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens to remove moisture to the outside (not into the attic). Vent your clothes dryer to the outside.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Turn off certain appliances (such as humidifiers and kerosene heaters) if you notice moisture on windows and other surfaces.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use dehumidifiers and air conditioners, especially in hot, humid climates, to reduce moisture in the air, but be sure that the appliances themselves don't become sources of biological pollutants.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Raise the temperature of cold surfaces where moisture condenses. Use insulation and storm windows. (A storm window installed on the inside works better than one installed on the outside) Open doors between rooms (especially doors to closets which may be colder than the rooms) to increase circulation. Circulation carries heat to the cold surfaces Increase air circulation by using fans and by moving furniture from wall corners to promote air and heat circulation. Be sure that your house has a source of fresh air and can expel excessive moisture from the home.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Pay special attention to carpet on concrete floors. Carpet can absorb moisture and serve as a place for biological pollutants to grow. Use area rugs, which can be taken up and washed often. In certain climates, if carpet is to be installed over a concrete floor, it maybe necessary to use a vapor barrier (plastic sheeting) over the concrete and cover that with sub-flooring (insulation covered with plywood) to prevent a moisture problem.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Moisture problems and their solutions differ from one climate to another. The Northeast is cold and wet, the Southwest is hot and dry, the South is hot and wet, and the Western Mountain states are cold and dry. All of these regions can have moisture problems. For example, evaporative coolers used in the Southwest can encourage the growth of biological pollutants. In other hot regions, the use of air conditioners which cool the air too quickly may not be left running long enough to remove excess moisture from the air. The types of construction and weather for the different climates can lead to different problems and solutions.</span></li>
</ul><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Where Biological Pollutants May Be Found in the Home</strong></span></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dirty air conditioners;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dirty humidifiers and/or dehumidifiers;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">bathroom without vents or windows;</span></li>
<li>k<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">itchen without vents or windows;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dirty refrigerator drip pans;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">laundry room with an unvented dryer;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">an unventilated attic;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">carpet on damp basement floor;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">bedding;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">closet on outside wall;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dirty heating/air-conditioning system;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">pets; and</span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">water damage (around windows, the</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> roof, the basement).</span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Maintain and Clean All Appliances that Come in Contact with Water</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have major appliances, such as furnaces, heat pumps and central air conditioners, inspected regularly by a professional InterNACHI inspector. Change filters on heating and cooling systems according to manufacturer's directions. (In general, change filters monthly during use.) When first turning on the heating or air conditioner at the start of the season, consider leaving your home until it airs out.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have window and wall air-conditioning units cleaned and serviced regularly by a professional, especially before the cooling season. Air conditioners can help reduce the entry of allergy-causing pollen. But they may also become a source of biological pollutants if not properly maintained. Clean the coils and rinse the drain pans, according to the manufacturer's instructions, so water cannot collect in pools.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have furnace-attached humidifiers cleaned and serviced regularly by a professional, especially before the heating season.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Follow the manufacturer's instructions when using any type of humidifier. Experts differ on the benefits of using humidifiers. If you do use a portable humidifier (approximately 1- to 2-gallon tanks), be sure to empty its tank every day and refill it with distilled or demineralized water, or even fresh tap water, if the other types of water are unavailable. For larger portable humidifiers, change the water as recommended by the manufacturer. Unplug the appliance before cleaning. Every third day, clean all surfaces coming in contact with water with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, using a brush to loosen deposits. Some manufacturers recommend using diluted household bleach for cleaning and maintenance, generally in a solution of one-half cup bleach to 1 gallon of water. With any household chemical, rinse well to remove all</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> traces of chemical before refilling the humidifier.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Empty dehumidifiers daily and clean often. If possible, have the appliance drip directly into a drain. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning and maintenance. Always disconnect the appliance before cleaning.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Clean refrigerator drip pans regularly, according to manufacturer's instructions. If refrigerator and freezer doors don't seal properly, moisture may build up and mold can grow. Remove any mold on door gaskets, and replace faulty gaskets.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Clean Surfaces</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Clean moist surfaces, such as showers and kitchen counters.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Remove mold from walls, ceilings, floors and paneling. Do not simply cover mold with paint, stain, varnish, or a moisture-proof sealer, as the mold may resurface.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Replace moldy shower curtains, or remove them and scrub them well with a household cleaner, and rinse them before rehanging them.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Dust Control</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Controlling dust is very important for people who are allergic to animal dander and mites. You cannot see mites, but you can either remove their favorite breeding grounds or keep these areas dry and clean. Dust mites can thrive in sofas, stuffed chairs, carpets and bedding. Open shelves, fabric wallpaper, knickknacks, and venetian blinds are also sources of dust mites. Dust mites live deep in the carpet and are not removed by vacuuming. Many doctors suggest that their mite-allergic patients use washable area rugs rather than wall-to-wall carpet.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Always wash bedding in hot water (at least 130° F) to kill dust mites. Cold water won't do the job. Launder bedding at least every seven to 10 days.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use synthetic or foam rubber mattress pads and pillows, and plastic mattress covers, if you are allergic. Do not use fuzzy wool blankets, feather or wool-stuffed comforters, and feather pillows.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Clean rooms and closets well. Dust and vacuum often to remove surface dust. Vacuuming and other cleaning may not remove all animal dander, dust mite material, and other biological pollutants. Some particles are so small, they can pass through vacuum bags and remain in the air. If you are allergic to dust, wear a mask when vacuuming and dusting. People who are highly allergy-prone should not perform these tasks. They may even need to leave the house when someone else is cleaning.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Before You Move</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Protect yourself by hiring an InterNACHI inspector to inspect your potential new home. If you identify problems, have the landlord or seller correct them before you move in, or even consider moving elsewhere.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have professionals check the heating and cooling system, including humidifiers and vents. Have duct lining and insulation checked for growth.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Check for exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens. If there are no vents, do the kitchen and bathrooms have at least one window in each room? Does the stovetop have a hood vented outside? Does the clothes dryer vent outside? Do all vents exhaust to the outside of the building, and not in attics or crawlspaces?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Look for obvious mold growth throughout the house, including attics, basements and crawlspaces, and around the foundation outside. See if there are many plants close to the house, particularly if they are damp and rotting. They are a potential source of biological pollutants. Downspouts from roof gutters should route water away from the building.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Look for stains on the walls, floor or carpet (including any carpet over concrete floors) as evidence of previous flooding or moisture problems. Is there moisture on windows and surfaces? Are there signs of leaks or seepage in the basement?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Look for rotted building materials, which may suggest moisture or water damage.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If you or anyone else in the family has a pet allergy, ask if any pets have lived in the home.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Examine the design of the building. Remember that in cold climates, overhanging areas, rooms over unheated garages, and closets on outside walls may be prone to problems with biological pollutants.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Look for signs of cockroaches. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">(Carefully read instructions for use and any cautionary labeling on cleaning products before beginning cleaning procedures.)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Do not mix any chemical products. Especially, never mix cleaners containing bleach with any product (such as ammonia) which does not have instructions for such mixing. When chemicals are combined, a dangerous gas can sometimes be formed.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Household chemicals may cause burning or irritation to skin and eyes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Household chemicals may be harmful if swallowed or inhaled.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Avoid contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and clothing.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Avoid breathing vapor. Open all windows and doors, and use an exhaust fan that sends the air outside.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Keep household chemicals out of reach of children.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Rinse treated surface areas well to remove all traces of chemicals. </span></li>
</ul><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Correcting Water Damage</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What if damage is already done? Follow these guidelines for correcting water damage:</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Throw out mattresses, wicker furniture, straw baskets and the like that have been water damaged or contain mold. These cannot be recovered.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Discard any water-damaged furnishings, such as carpets, drapes, stuffed toys, upholstered furniture, and ceiling tiles, unless they can be recovered by steam cleaning or hot-water washing and thorough drying.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Remove and replace wet insulation to prevent conditions where biological pollutants can grow.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Reducing Exposure to Biological Contaminants</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">General good housekeeping, and maintenance of heating and air-conditioning equipment, are very important. Adequate ventilation and good air distribution also help. The key to mold control is moisture control. If mold is a problem, clean up the mold and get rid of excess water and moisture. Maintaining the relative humidity between 30% to 60% will help control mold, dust mites and cockroaches. Employ integrated pest management to control insect and animal allergens. Cooling-tower treatment procedures exist to reduce levels of Legionella and other organisms.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Install and use exhaust fans that are vented to the outdoors in kitchens and bathrooms, and vent clothes dryers outdoors. These actions can eliminate much of the moisture that builds up from everyday activities. There are exhaust fans on the market that produce little noise, an important consideration for some people. Another benefit to using kitchen and bathroom exhaust fans is that they can reduce levels of organic pollutants that vaporize from hot water used in showers and dishwashers. Ventilate the attic and crawlspaces to prevent moisture build-up. Keeping humidity levels in these areas below 50% can prevent water condensation on building materials.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If using cool mist or ultrasonic humidifiers, clean appliances according to the manufacturer's instructions and refill with fresh water daily. Because these humidifiers can become breeding grounds for biological contaminants, they have the potential for causing diseases such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and humidifier fever. Evaporation trays in air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and refrigerators should also be cleaned frequently.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Thoroughly clean and dry water-damaged carpets and building materials (within 24 hours, if possible), or consider removal and replacement. Water-damaged carpets and building materials can harbor mold and bacteria. It is very difficult to completely rid such materials of biological contaminants.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Keep the house clean. House dust mites, pollens, animal dander, and other allergy-causing agents can be reduced, although not eliminated, through regular cleaning. People who are allergic to these pollutants should use allergen-proof mattress encasements, wash bedding in hot water (130° F), and avoid room furnishings that accumulate dust, especially if they cannot be washed in hot water. Allergic individuals should also leave the house while it is being vacuumed because vacuuming can actually increase airborne levels of mite allergens and other biological contaminants. Using central vacuum systems that are vented to the outdoors, or vacuums with high efficiency filters may also be of help.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Take steps to minimize biological pollutants in basements. Clean and disinfect the basement floor drain regularly. Do not finish a basement below ground level unless all water leaks are patched and outdoor ventilation and adequate heat to prevent condensation are provided. Operate a dehumidifier in the basement, if needed, to keep relative humidity levels between 30% to 50%.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br />
Health Effects From Biological Contaminants</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Some biological contaminants trigger allergic reactions, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and some types of asthma. Infectious illnesses, such as influenza, measles and chicken pox, are transmitted through the air. Molds and mildews release disease-causing toxins. Symptoms of health problems caused by biological pollutants include sneezing, watery eyes, coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness, lethargy, fever and digestive problems.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Allergic reactions occur only after repeated exposure to a specific biological allergen. However, that reaction may occur immediately upon re-exposure, or after multiple exposures over time. As a result, people who have noticed only mild allergic reactions, or no reactions at all, may suddenly find themselves very sensitive to particular allergens. Some diseases, such as humidifier fever, are associated with exposure to toxins from microorganisms that can grow in large buildings' ventilation systems. However, these diseases can also be traced to micro-organisms that grow in home heating and cooling systems and humidifiers. Children, elderly people, and people with breathing problems, allergies, and lung diseases are particularly susceptible to disease-causing biological agents in the indoor air. Mold, dust mites, pet dander, and pest droppings or body parts can trigger asthma. Biological contaminants, including molds and pollens, can cause allergic reactions for a significant portion of the population. Tuberculosis, measles, staphylococcus infections, Legionella and influenza are known to be transmitted by air.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combustion Pollutants</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combustion appliances are those which burn fuels for warmth, cooking or decorative purposes. Typical fuels are gas, both natural and liquefied petroleum (LP), kerosene, oil, coal and wood. Examples of the appliances are space heaters, ranges, ovens, stoves, furnaces, fireplaces, water heaters, and clothes dryers. These appliances are usually safe. However, under certain conditions, these appliances can produce combustion pollutants that can damage your health, or even kill you.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What are Combustion Pollutants?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combustion pollutants are gases and particles that come from burning materials. The combustion pollutants come from burning fuels in appliances. The types and amounts of pollutants produced depend on the type of appliance, how well the appliance is installed, maintained and vented, and the kind of fuel it uses. Some of the common pollutants produced from burning these fuels are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles, and sulfur dioxide. Particles can have hazardous chemicals attached to them. Other pollutants that can be produced by some appliances are unburned hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Combustion always produces water vapor. Water vapor is not usually considered a pollutant, but it can act as one. It can result in high humidity and wet surfaces. </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Where do Combustion Pollutants Come From?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combustion pollutants found indoors include outdoor air, tobacco smoke, exhaust from car and lawn mower internal combustion engines, and some hobby activities, such as welding, woodburning and soldering. Combustion pollutants can also come from vented or unvented combustion appliances. These appliances include space heaters, gas ranges and ovens, furnaces, gas water heaters, gas clothes dryers, wood and coal-burning stoves, and fireplaces. As a group, these are called "combustion appliances."</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Appliances</span></span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Vented appliances are appliances designed to be used with a duct, chimney, pipe, or other device that carries the combustion pollutants outside the home. These appliances can release large amounts of pollutants directly into your home if a vent is not properly installed, or is blocked or leaking. Unvented appliances do not vent to the outside, so they release combustion pollutants directly into the home. Many of these problems are hard for a homeowner to identify. A professional is needed.</span></div><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" /><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What are the Health Effects of Combustion Pollutants?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The health effects of combustion pollutants range from headaches and breathing difficulties to death. The health effects may show up immediately after exposure, or occur after being exposed to the pollutants for a long time. The effects depend on the type and amount of pollutants, and the length of time of exposure to them. They also depend upon several factors related to the exposed person. These include the age and any existing health problems. There are still some questions about the level of pollutants or the period of exposure needed to produce specific health effects. Further studies to better define the release of pollutants from combustion appliances and their health effects are needed.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The sections below discuss health problems associated with some common combustion pollutants. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles, and sulfur dioxide. Even if you are healthy, high levels of carbon monoxide can kill you within a short time. The health effects of the other pollutants are generally more subtle and are more likely to affect susceptible people. It is always a good idea to reduce exposure to combustion pollutants by using and maintaining combustion appliances properly.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Carbon Monoxide:</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Each year, according to CPSC, there are more than 200 carbon monoxide deaths related to the use of all types of combustion appliances in the home. Exposure to carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen. Often, a person or an entire family may not recognize that carbon monoxide is poisoning them. The chemical is odorless, and some of the symptoms are similar to common illnesses. This is particularly dangerous because carbon monoxide's deadly effects will not be recognized until it is too late to take action against them. Carbon monoxide exposures especially affect unborn babies, infants, and people with anemia or a history of heart disease. Breathing low levels of the chemical can cause fatigue and increase chest pain in people with chronic heart disease. Breathing higher levels of carbon monoxide causes symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and weakness in healthy people. Carbon monoxide also causes sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion and disorientation. At very high levels, it causes loss of consciousness and death.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Nitrogen Dioxide:</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Breathing high levels of nitrogen dioxide causes irritation of the respiratory tract and causes shortness of breath. Compared to healthy people, children, and individuals with respiratory illnesses such as asthma, may be more susceptible to the effects of nitrogen dioxide. Some studies have shown that children may have more colds and flu when exposed to low levels of nitrogen dioxide. When people with asthma inhale low levels of nitrogen dioxide while exercising, their lung airways can narrow and react more to inhaled materials.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Particles:</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Particles suspended in the air can cause eye, nose, throat and lung irritation. They can increase respiratory symptoms, especially in people with chronic lung disease or heart problems. Certain chemicals attached to particles may cause lung cancer, if they are inhaled. The risk of lung cancer increases with the amount and length of exposure. The health effects from inhaling particles depend upon many factors, including the size of the particle and its chemical make-up.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Sulfur Dioxide:</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Sulfur dioxide at low levels of exposure can cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation. At high exposure levels, it causes the lung airways to narrow. This causes wheezing, chest tightness, and breathing problems. People with asthma are particularly susceptible to the effects of sulfur dioxide. They may have symptoms at levels that are much lower than the rest of the population.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Other Pollutants: </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Combustion may release other pollutants. They include unburned hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Little is known about the levels of these pollutants in indoor air and the resulting health effects.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What do I do if I suspect that combustion pollutants are affecting my health?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If you suspect you are being subjected to carbon monoxide poisoning, get fresh air immediately. Open windows and doors for more ventilation, turn off any combustion appliances, and leave the house. You could lose consciousness and die from carbon monoxide poisoning if you do nothing. It is also important to contact a doctor immediately for a proper diagnosis. Remember to tell your doctor that you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning is causing your problems. Prompt medical attention is important. Some symptoms from combustion pollutants -- including headaches, dizziness, sleepiness, coughing, and watery eyes -- may also occur because of common medical problems. These medical problems include colds, the flu, and allergies. Similar symptoms may also occur because of other indoor air pollutants. Contact your doctor for a proper diagnosis.</span></div><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" /><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">How can I reduce my exposure to combustion pollutants?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Proper selection, installation, inspection and maintenance of your appliances are extremely important in reducing your exposure to these pollutants. Providing good ventilation in your home and correctly using your appliance can also reduce your exposure to these pollutants. Additionally, there are several different residential carbon monoxide detectors for sale. These detectors alert consumers to harmful carbon monoxide levels in the home. They may soon be widely available to reduce deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Appliance Selection</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Choose vented appliances whenever possible.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Buy only combustion appliances that have been tested and certified to meet current safety standards. Examples of certifying organizations are Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and the American Gas Association (AGA) Laboratories. Look for a label that clearly shows the certification.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">All currently manufactured vented gas heaters are required by industry safety standards to have a safety shut-off device. This device helps protect you from carbon monoxide poisoning by shutting off an improperly vented heater.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Check your local and state building codes and fire ordinances to see if you can use an unvented space heater, if you are considering purchasing one. They are not allowed to be used in some communities, dwellings, and certain rooms in the house.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">If you must replace an unvented gas space heater with another, make it a new one. Heaters made after 1982 have a pilot light safety system called an oxygen depletion sensor (ODS). This system shuts off the heater when there is not enough fresh air, before the heater begins producing large amounts of carbon monoxide. Look for the label that tells you that the appliance has this safety system. Older heaters will not have this protection system.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Consider buying gas appliances that have electronic ignitions rather than pilot lights. These appliances are usually more energy-efficient and eliminate the continuous low-level pollutants from pilot lights.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Buy appliances that are the correct size for the area you want to heat. Using the wrong size heater may produce more pollutants in your home and is not an efficient use of energy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">All new wood stoves are EPA-certified to limit the amounts of pollutants released into the outdoor air. For more information on selecting, installing, operating, and maintaining wood-burning stoves, write to the EPA Wood Heater Program. Before buying a wood stove, check your local laws about the installation and use of wood stoves.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Ventilation</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div> </div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">To reduce indoor air pollution, a good supply of fresh, outdoor air is needed. The movement of air into and out of your home is very important. Normally, air comes in through cracks around doors and windows. This air helps reduce the level of pollutants indoors. This supply of fresh air is also important to help carry pollutants up the chimney, stovepipe or flue to the outside.</span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Keep doors open to the rest of the house from the room where you are using an unvented gas space heater or kerosene heater, and crack open a window. This allows enough air for proper combustion, and reduces the level of pollutants, especially carbon monoxide.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use a hood fan if you are using a range. They reduce the level of pollutants you breathe if they exhaust to the outside. Make sure that enough air is coming into the house when you use an exhaust fan. If needed, open a door or window slightly, especially if other appliances are in use. For proper operation of most combustion appliances and their venting systems, the air pressure in the house should be greater than that outside. If not, the vented appliances could release combustion pollutants into the house rather than outdoors. If you suspect that you have this problem, you may need the help of a qualified person to solve it.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Make sure that your vented appliance has the vent connected and that nothing is blocking it. Make sure there are no holes or cracks in the vent. Do not vent gas clothes dryers or water heaters into the house for heating. This is unsafe.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Open the stove's damper when adding wood. This allows more air into the stove. More air helps the wood burn properly, and prevents pollutants from being drawn back into the house instead of going up the chimney. If there is isible smoke or a constant smoky odor inside the home while using a wood-burning stove, this is a sign that the stove is not working properly. Soot on furniture in the rooms where you are using the stove also tells this. Smoke and soot are signs that the stove is releasing pollutants into the indoor air.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Correct Use of Appliances</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Read and follow the instructions for all appliances so that you understand how they work. Keep the owner's manual in a convenient place to refer to when needed. Also, read and follow the warning labels because they tell you important safety information that you need to know. Reading and following the instructions and warning labels could save your life.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Always use the correct fuel for the appliance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use only water-clear ASTM 1-K kerosene for kerosene heaters. The use of kerosene other than 1-K could lead to a release of more pollutants in your home. Never use gasoline in a kerosene heater because it can cause a fire or an explosion. Using even small amounts of gasoline could cause a fire.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Use seasoned hardwoods (elm, maple, oak) instead of softwoods (cedar, fir, pine) in wood-burning stoves and fireplaces. Hardwoods are better because they burn hotter and form less creosote, an oily, black tar that sticks to chimneys and stove pipes. Do not use green or wet woods as the primary wood because they make more creosote and smoke. Never burn painted scrap wood or wood treated with preservatives, because they could release highly toxic pollutants, such as arsenic or lead. Plastics, charcoal, and colored paper, such as comics and wrapping paper, also produce pollutants. Never burn anything that the stove or fireplace manufacturer does not recommend.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Never use a range, oven or dryer to heat your home. When you misuse gas appliances in this way, they can produce fatal amounts of carbon monoxide. They can produce high levels of nitrogen dioxide, too.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Never use an unvented combustion heater overnight or in a room where you are sleeping. Carbon monoxide from combustion heaters can reach dangerous levels.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Never ignore a safety device when it shuts off an appliance. It means that something is wrong. Read your appliance instructions to find out what you should do, or have a professional check out the problem.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Never ignore the smell of fuel. This usually indicates that the appliance is not operating properly or is leaking fuel. Leaking fuel will not always be detectable by smell. If you suspect that you have a fuel leak, have it fixed as soon as possible. In most cases, you should shut off the appliance, extinguish any other flames or pilot lights, shut off other appliances in the area, open windows and doors, call for help, and leave the area.</span></li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Inspection and Maintenance</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Have your combustion appliance regularly inspected and maintained to reduce your exposure to pollutants. Appliances that are not working properly can release harmful and even <img align="right" alt="" height="180" src="http://www.nachi.org/images/fire.gif" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" title="" width="162" />fatal amounts of pollutants, especially carbon monoxide. Have chimneys and vents inspected when installing or changing vented heating appliances. Some modifications may be required. For example, if a change was made in your heating system from oil to natural gas, the flue gas produced by the gas system could be hot enough to melt accumulated oil-combustion debris in the chimney or vent. This debris could block the vent, forcing pollutants into the house. It is important to clean your chimney and vents, especially when changing heating systems. Always hire an InterNACHI inspector to perform your home inspections, as they all must pass the most comprehensive, rigorous training program available. </span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What are the Inspection and Maintenance Procedures?</span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The best advice is to follow the recommendations of the manufacturer. The same combustion appliance may have different inspection and maintenance requirements, depending on where you live. In general, check the flame in the furnace combustion chamber at the beginning of the heating season. Natural gas furnaces should have a blue flame with perhaps only a slight yellow tip. Call your appliance service representative to adjust the burner if there is a lot of yellow in the flame, or call your local utility company for this service. LP units should have a flame with a bright blue center that may have a light yellow tip. Pilot lights on gas water heaters and gas cooking appliances should also have a blue flame. Have a trained service representative adjust the pilot light if it is yellow or orange. Before each heating season, have flues and chimneys inspected before each heating season for leakage and for blockage by creosote or debris. Creosote buildup or leakage could cause black stains on the outside of the chimney or flue. These stains can mean that pollutants are leaking into the house.</span></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-23054015972337807612011-12-20T07:03:00.000-08:002011-12-20T07:03:53.878-08:00Crime Resistant Structures<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">We will discuss some options to make your residence less appealing to those who would like to separate you from your belongings. After reading this if you would like to obtain more information or if we can assist you in hardening your home or business please contact us. We can help from alarms, cameras, access control to landscape, lighting, doors or just knowledge of personal safety.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">There are a number of measures that homeowners can take to ensure that their homes are not attractive to burglars. If clients are concerned about break-ins, inspectors can pass on to them basic strategies for burglar-proofing their homes.</span></span></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong> </strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><strong>Some interesting statistics concerning break-ins in the United States:</strong><strong><img align="right" alt="" border="null" height="250" src="http://www.nachi.org/images08/6a00e553674e28883300e5538a118d8833-800wi.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="" width="350" /></strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><ul><li>Estimates suggest that theft makes up more than three-quarters of all reported crime.<strong> </strong></li>
</ul><ul><li>In 2005, law enforcement agencies reported more than 2 million burglary offenses.</li>
</ul></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div>According to a survey, burglars enter homes through the following locations: <strong></strong><blockquote><ul><li>81% enter through the first floor;</li>
<li>34% of burglars enter through the front door;</li>
<li>23% enter through a first-floor window;</li>
<li>22% enter through the back door</li>
<li>9% enter through the garage;</li>
<li>4% enter through the basement;</li>
<li>4% enter through an unlocked entrance;</li>
<li>2% enter through a storage area; and </li>
<li>2% enter anywhere on the second floor.</li>
</ul></blockquote></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><div><strong>Some interesting statistics (2002) concerning break-ins in Canada:</strong></div></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><div><ul><li>The burglary rate in Canada (877 per 100,000 people) is seven times higher than that of the country with the fewest break-ins, Norway.</li>
<li>The burglary rate in Canada is slightly higher than that of the United States (746 per 100,000 people) but significantly less than the burglary rate in Australia (2275 per 100,000 people). </li>
</ul></div></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Exterior Doors</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Doors should be made of steel or solid-core wood construction. Hollow-core wood doors are more easily broken than heavy, solid-core doors. </li>
<li>Doors should be free of signs of rot, cracks and warping. </li>
<li>Doors should be protected by quality deadbolt locks. Chain locks are not adequate substitutes for deadbolt locks, although chain locks may be used as additional protection. </li>
<li>If a mail slot is present, it should be equipped with a cage or box. Mail slots that are not equipped with cages or boxes have been used by burglars to enter homes. Burglars can insert a contraption made of wire and cord into the mail slot and use it to open the lock from the inside, if no box or cage is present. </li>
<li>If a door is equipped with glass panes, they should be installed far from the lock. Otherwise, burglars can smash the glass and reach through the door to unlock the door. </li>
<li>Spare keys should not be hidden in obvious locations. Burglars are very good at finding keys that homeowners believe are cleverly hidden. The best place for a spare key is in the house of a trusted neighbor. If keys must be hidden near the door, they should not be placed in obvious locations, such as under a doormat, rock or planter. <img align="right" alt="" height="103" src="http://www.nachi.org/images08/bumpkey-1.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" title="bump keys can be used by burglars" width="240" /> </li>
<li>A peephole can be installed in doors so homeowners can see who is on their doorstep before they open the door. </li>
<li>Clients should consider installing bump-resistant locks on their doors. “Bumping” is a technique developed recently that can open almost any standard lock with less effort than is required by lock-picking. This technique uses "bump keys," which are normal keys with slight modifications. Lock companies such as Schlage, Primus and Medeco manufacture a number of locks that offer some bump-resistance.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Pet Doors</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Pet doors can be used by burglars to enter homes. Some burglars have reached through pet doors in order to unlock the door. It is advisable to not have a pet door, but if one is necessary, it should be as small as possible and installed far from the lock. </li>
<li>A crafty burglar may convince or coerce a small child to crawl through a pet door and unlock the door. Also, some burglars <em>are</em> children. </li>
<li>Electronic pet doors are available that open only when the pet, equipped with a signaling device in their collar, approaches the door. These doors are designed to keep stray animals out of the home, and may provide protection against burglars, as well.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Sliding Glass Doors</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>They should be equipped with locks on their tops and bottoms.</li>
<li>They should not be able to be lifted from their frames.</li>
<li>A cut-off broom handle, or a similar device, can be laid into the door track to prevent it from being opened.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Illumination</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Lights should be installed on the exterior of all four sides of the house. Burglars prefer darkness so they cannot be seen by neighbors or passersby. </li>
<li>When building occupants are not home, a few lights should be left on. </li>
<li>It is helpful to install exterior lights that are activated by motion sensors. Burglars that are suddenly illuminated may flee.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Windows</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>All windows should be composed of strong glass, such as laminated glass, and be in good operating order.</li>
<li>They can be installed with bars, grilles, grates or heavy-duty wire screening. Barred windows must be equipped with a quick-release mechanism so occupants can quickly escape during a fire.</li>
<li>Windows should not be hidden by landscaping or structures. If landscaping or structures cannot be moved, lighting can be installed around the windows.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>Landscape and Yard</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Shrubs and trees should not obscure the view of entrances. Shielded entrances can provide cover for burglars while they attempt to enter the residence. </li>
<li>Fences are helpful burglar deterrents, although they should not be difficult to see through.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>While the house is vacant:</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>A loud radio can be used to make burglars think someone is home. Timers can be used to activate radios and lights to make the home seem occupied.</li>
<li>A car should always be parked in the driveway. A neighbor’s car can be parked there so that it appears as if someone is home.</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 1em;">The lawn should be cut regularly. Uncut grass is a clue that no one is home.</div></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><strong>Other Tips</strong></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li>Dogs are excellent burglar deterrents. For clients who cannot own dogs, they can place "Beware of Dog" signs around the yard for nearly the same effect.</li>
<li>If no security system is installed, the client can post security alarm stickers around the yard. </li>
</ul></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div><div>In summary, there are a number of tactics that we can pass on to our clients that will help safeguard their homes or business from criminal activity. </div></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div> </div></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4982207796132311459.post-40975134466242111152011-12-13T10:50:00.000-08:002011-12-13T10:50:33.676-08:0010 Easy Ways to Save Energy in Your Home<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Most people don’t know how easy it is to make their homes run on less energy, and here at InterNACHI, we want to change that. Drastic reductions in heating, cooling and electricity costs can be accomplished through very simple changes, most of which homeowners can do themselves. Of course, for homeowners who want to take advantage of the most up-to-date knowledge and systems in home energy efficiency, InterNACHI energy auditors can perform in-depth testing to find the best energy solutions for your particular home. </div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Why make your home more energy efficient? Here are a few good reasons:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>Federal, state, utility and local jurisdictions' financial incentives, such as tax breaks, are very advantageous for homeowners in most parts of the U.S.</li>
<li>It saves money. It costs less to power a home that has been converted to be more energy-efficient.</li>
<li>It increases the comfort level indoors.</li>
<li>It reduces our impact on climate change. Many scientists now believe that excessive energy consumption contributes significantly to global warming.</li>
<li>It reduces pollution. Conventional power production introduces pollutants that find their way into the air, soil and water supplies.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>1. Find better ways to heat and cool your house. </strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">As much as half of the energy used in homes goes toward heating and cooling. The following are a few ways that energy bills can be reduced through adjustments to the heating and cooling systems:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>Install a ceiling fan. Ceiling fans can be used in place of air conditioners, which require a large amount of energy.</li>
<li>Periodically replace air filters in air conditioners and heaters.</li>
<li>Set thermostats to an appropriate temperature. Specifically, they should be turned down at night and when no one is home. In most homes, about 2% of the heating bill will be saved for each degree that the thermostat is lowered for at least eight hours each day. Turning down the thermostat from 75° F to 70° F, for example, saves about 10% on heating costs.</li>
<li>Install a programmable thermostat. A programmable thermostat saves money by allowing heating and cooling appliances to be automatically turned down during times that no one is home and at night. Programmable thermostats contain no mercury and, in some climate zones, can save up to $150 per year in energy costs.</li>
<li>Install a wood stove or a pellet stove. These are more efficient sources of heat than furnaces.</li>
<li>At night, curtains drawn over windows will better insulate the room.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>2. Install a tankless water heater.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Demand-type water heaters (tankless or instantaneous) provide hot water only as it is needed. They don't produce the standby energy losses associated with traditional storage water heaters, which will save on energy costs. Tankless water heaters heat water directly without the use of a storage tank. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit. A gas burner or an electric element heats the water. As a result, demand water heaters deliver a constant supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>3. Replace incandescent lights.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">The average household dedicates 11% of its energy budget to lighting. Traditional incandescent lights convert approximately only 10% of the energy they consume into light, while the rest becomes heat. The use of new lighting technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), can reduce the energy use required by lighting by 50% to 75%. Advances in lighting controls offer further energy savings by reducing the amount of time that lights are on but not being used. Here are some facts about CFLs and LEDs:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>CFLs use 75% less energy and last about 10 times longer than traditional incandescent bulbs.</li>
<li>LEDs last even longer than CFLs and consume less energy.</li>
<li>LEDs have no moving parts and, unlike CFLs, they contain no mercury.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>4. Seal and insulate your home.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Sealing and insulating your home is one of the most cost-effective ways to make a home more comfortable and energy-efficient, and you can do it yourself. A tightly sealed home can improve comfort and indoor air quality while reducing utility bills. An InterNACHI energy auditor can assess leakage in the building envelope and recommend fixes that will dramatically increase comfort and energy savings.</div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">The following are some common places where leakage may occur:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>electrical receptacles/outlets;</li>
<li>mail slots;</li>
<li>around pipes and wires;</li>
<li>wall- or window-mounted air conditioners;</li>
<li>attic hatches;</li>
<li>fireplace dampers;</li>
<li>inadequate weatherstripping around doors;</li>
<li>baseboards;</li>
<li>window frames; and</li>
<li>switch plates.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Because hot air rises, air leaks are most likely to occur in the attic. Homeowners can perform a variety of repairs and maintenance to their attics that save them money on cooling and heating, such as: </div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Plug the large holes. Locations in the attic where leakage is most likely to be the greatest are where walls meet the attic floor, behind and under attic knee walls, and in dropped-ceiling areas.</li>
<li>Seal the small holes. You can easily do this by looking for areas where the insulation is darkened. Darkened insulation is a result of dusty interior air being filtered by insulation before leaking through small holes in the building envelope. In cold weather, you may see frosty areas in the insulation caused by warm, moist air condensing and then freezing as it hits the cold attic air. In warmer weather, you’ll find water staining in these same areas. Use expanding foam or caulk to seal the openings around plumbing vent pipes and electrical wires. Cover the areas with insulation after the caulk is dry.</li>
<li>Seal up the attic access panel with weatherstripping. You can cut a piece of fiberglass or rigid foamboard insulation in the same size as the attic hatch and glue it to the back of the attic access panel. If you have pull-down attic stairs or an attic door, these should be sealed in a similar manner.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>5. Install efficient showerheads and toilets.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">The following systems can be installed to conserve water usage in homes:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>low-flow showerheads. They are available in different flow rates, and some have a pause button which shuts off the water while the bather lathers up;</li>
<li>low-flow toilets. Toilets consume 30% to 40% of the total water used in homes, making them the biggest water users. Replacing an older 3.5-gallon toilet with a modern, low-flow 1.6-gallon toilet can reduce usage an average of 2 gallons-per-flush (GPF), saving 12,000 gallons of water per year. Low-flow toilets usually have "1.6 GPF" marked on the bowl behind the seat or inside the tank;</li>
<li>vacuum-assist toilets. This type of toilet has a vacuum chamber that uses a siphon action to suck air from the trap beneath the bowl, allowing it to quickly fill with water to clear waste. Vacuum-assist toilets are relatively quiet; and</li>
<li>dual-flush toilets. Dual-flush toilets have been used in Europe and Australia for years and are now gaining in popularity in the U.S. Dual-flush toilets let you choose between a 1-gallon (or less) flush for liquid waste, and a 1.6-gallon flush for solid waste. Dual-flush 1.6-GPF toilets reduce water consumption by an additional 30%.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>6. Use appliances and electronics responsibly.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Appliances and electronics account for about 20% of household energy bills in a typical U.S. home. The following are tips that will reduce the required energy of electronics and appliances:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>Refrigerators and freezers should not be located near the stove, dishwasher or heat vents, or exposed to direct sunlight. Exposure to warm areas will force them to use more energy to remain cool. </li>
<li>Computers should be shut off when not in use. If unattended computers must be left on, their monitors should be shut off. According to some studies, computers account for approximately 3% of all energy consumption in the United States.</li>
<li>Use efficient ENERGY STAR-rated appliances and electronics. These devices, approved by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency’s ENERGY STAR Program, include TVs, home theater systems, DVD players, CD players, receivers, speakers, and more. According to the EPA, if just 10% of homes used energy-efficient appliances, it would reduce carbon emissions by the equivalent of 1.7 million acres of trees.</li>
<li>Chargers, such as those used for laptops and cell phones, consume energy when they are plugged in. When they are not connected to electronics, chargers should be unplugged.</li>
<li>Laptop computers consume considerably less electricity than desktop computers.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>7. Install daylighting as an alternative to electrical lighting.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">Daylighting is the practice of using natural light to illuminate the home's interior. It can be achieved using the following approaches:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>skylights. It’s important that they be double-pane or they may not be cost-effective. Flashing skylights correctly is key to avoiding leaks;</li>
<li>light shelves. Light shelves are passive devices designed to bounce light deep into a building. They may be interior or exterior. Light shelves can introduce light into a space up to 2½ times the distance from the floor to the top of the window, and advanced light shelves may introduce four times that amount;</li>
<li>clerestory windows. Clerestory windows are short, wide windows set high on the wall. Protected from the summer sun by the roof overhang, they allow winter sun to shine through for natural lighting and warmth; and </li>
<li>light tubes. Light tubes use a special lens designed to amplify low-level light and reduce light intensity from the midday sun. Sunlight is channeled through a tube coated with a highly reflective material, and then enters the living space through a diffuser designed to distribute light evenly.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>8. Insulate windows and doors.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">About one-third of the home's total heat loss usually occurs through windows and doors. The following are ways to reduce energy lost through windows and doors:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>Seal all window edges and cracks with rope caulk. This is the cheapest and simplest option.</li>
<li>Windows can be weatherstripped with a special lining that is inserted between the window and the frame. For doors, apply weatherstripping around the whole perimeter to ensure a tight seal when they're closed. Install quality door sweeps on the bottom of the doors, if they aren't already in place.</li>
<li>Install storm windows at windows with only single panes. A removable glass frame can be installed over an existing window.</li>
<li>If existing windows have rotted or damaged wood, cracked glass, missing putty, poorly fitting sashes, or locks that don't work, they should be repaired or replaced.</li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>9. Cook smart.</strong></div><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;">An enormous amount of energy is wasted while cooking. The following recommendations and statistics illustrate less wasteful ways of cooking:</div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" type="disc"><li>Convection ovens are more efficient that conventional ovens. They use fans to force hot air to circulate more evenly, thereby allowing food to be cooked at a lower temperature. Convection ovens use approximately 20% less electricity than conventional ovens.</li>
<li>Microwave ovens consume approximately 80% less energy than conventional ovens.</li>
<li>Pans should be placed on the matching size heating element or flame. </li>
<li>Using lids on pots and pans will heat food more quickly than cooking in uncovered pots and pans.</li>
<li>Pressure cookers reduce cooking time dramatically.</li>
<li>When using conventional ovens, food should be placed on the top rack. The top rack is hotter and will cook food faster. </li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><strong>10. Change the way you do laundry.</strong></div><ul style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><li>Do not use the medium setting on your washer. Wait until you have a full load of clothes, as the medium setting saves less than half of the water and energy used for a full load.</li>
<li>Avoid using high-temperature settings when clothes are not very soiled. Water that is 140° F uses far more energy than 103° F for the warm-water setting, but 140° F isn’t that much more effective for getting clothes clean.</li>
<li>Clean the lint trap every time before you use the dryer. Not only is excess lint a fire hazard, but it will prolong the amount of time required for your clothes to dry.</li>
<li>If possible, air-dry your clothes on lines and racks.</li>
<li>Spin-dry or wring clothes out before putting them into a dryer. </li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div>Homeowners who take the initiative to make these changes usually discover that the energy savings are more than worth the effort. InterNACHI home inspectors can make this process much easier because they can perform a more comprehensive assessment of energy-savings potential than the average homeowner can. </div></div>Reliant Serviceshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06044230312555600776noreply@blogger.com0